硕士学位论文-重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂性能研究.doc

资料
重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂性能研究
摘要
三元复合驱是颇具发展前景的强化采油技术之一,为老油田的稳产接替和提高采收率展现了广阔的前景。尽管人们对三元复合驱的研究取得了令人满意的成果,部分成果已经进行了工业化试验,取得了一定的经济效益,但它仍有一部分问题有待于进一步加以研究和解决,如驱油机理的进一步深入研究,驱油效率的影响因素,剩余油带或残余油带的预测,驱替剂配方的改善优化,三元复合驱成本的降低,复合体系弱碱化及无碱化,新型廉价表面活性剂:较高相对分子质量耐盐聚合物的研制,地面工艺、注入方式的优化,采出原油的破乳、脱水、脱剂等、后续问题的处理等等。总之, 三元复合驱采油技术在二十一世纪有广泛的应用前景,具有较大的可行性和技术经济性,值得我国各大油田研究实验和推广。
由十二烷基苯精馏副产物—重烷基苯,经磺化、中和后得到重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂是重烷基苯磺酸盐的主要原料。目前己由大庆石油管理局化工集团东昊公司实现工业规模化生产,并且在我国的几个三元复合驱的试验区中投注使用。
但是,由于重烷基苯属于工业产品的副产物,所以其成分相当复杂,性能又不是十分稳定,如果为了进行原料精制,则又会失去成本较低廉的优势。因此,为了生产出质优价廉地工业化的三采表面活性剂产品,我们需要从产品的复配着手进行重烷基苯磺酸盐的性能改良,此法是一种简便快捷又成本低廉易于推广地途径。
本文对重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的驱油产品的生产过程、原料组成、反应条件及体系复配等可能对产品性能产生影响的几个方面进行了分析;同时简要介绍了重烷基苯磺酸盐型表面活性剂产品在大庆油田三元复合驱中的应用情况。
关键词:三次采油;重烷基苯磺酸盐;三元复合驱;复配;
Study on performance of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant
Abstract
The ASP flooding technology is a new method to improve the oil recovery factor, which is based on the mono-system flooding, such as polymer flooding, alkali flooding, and surfactant flooding, and binary system flooding, such as micelle polymer flooding and alkali polymer flooding, also is based on the chemical flooding, such as micelle flooding, activated water flooding, alkaline flooding, and polymer flooding. Compared with the water flooding, the recovery factor of the ASP flooding increased more than 20% and would have a broad application prospect with a lot of indoor researches and field tests. The tertiary oil recovery surfactant is an important part of the ASP flooding. The Daqing Oilfield has already developed the heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant and achieved industrialization production, which has the independent intellectual property rights.
The main raw material of the heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate is the heavy alkylbenzene that is the subsidiary product rectified by dodecylbenzene, then the heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactant obtained by sulfonation and neutralization. The surfactant has already been industrialization produced by the Donghao Co. of Daqing Petrol