中空二氧化硅及其复合纳米颗粒的制备与性能的分析.pdf

中文摘要 I 中文摘要中空二氧化硅由于其特殊的微观结构和优异的物理化学性质,在药物输运与控释, 催化剂载体,传感器等方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文在溶液中制备了中空二氧化硅纳米微球和金属@二氧化硅复合微粒,并进行了形貌与结构表征,研究了其对模型药物的控释行为和杀菌抑菌特性。本论文主要完成以下工作: ( 1 )在乙醇/ 氨水介质中,以乳液聚合法合成的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮( PVP )功能化的聚苯乙烯粒子为模板,通过正硅酸乙酯( TEOS )的水解和缩聚反应得到二氧化硅壳层同时去除模板,最终得到中空二氧化硅纳米微球。同时,考察了 TEOS 浓度,反应温度, 催化剂种类等对所形成中空二氧化硅纳米微球的影响,利用透射电子显微镜( TEM )对样品的形貌进行表征。结果表明,制备出的中空二氧化硅纳米微球尺寸均一,分散性很好。其次,以水溶性抗高血压药物巯甲丙脯酸为模型药物,将其组装到中空二氧化硅纳米微球中,并研究了其载药行为与缓释性能。( 2 )采用一步法制备出介孔中空二氧化硅纳米微球,通过 TEM 对样品形貌进行表征,所制备介孔中空二氧化硅纳米微球平均粒径为 170 nm ,分散性很好。以巯甲丙脯酸为模型药物,对其缓释性能进行测试,结果表明,此介孔中空二氧化硅微球具有很好的缓释性能。( 3)采用模板/ 溶胶- 凝胶法合成出 ******@SiO 2 , ******@SiO 2 复合纳米颗粒以及二氧化硅包覆银和溴化银复合纳米颗粒,通过 TEM ﹑ X- 射线粉末衍射仪(XRD) 和紫外可见光谱仪(UV-vis) 对其形貌和结构进行表征。以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌为模型菌,研究了样品的抗菌性能。结果表明:样品具有很好的抗菌效果和杀菌选择性。( 4 )利用液相还原法,以氯化铜为前驱体,水合肼为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为包覆剂,制备出花状的 Cu/PVP 纳米复合材料,考察了温度、水合肼的浓度、 CuCl 2 /PVP 的摩尔比以及 PVP 分子量对其形貌的影响,通过 TEM ﹑ XRD ﹑ UV-vis 等仪器对样品的形貌和结构进行表征,并对其抗菌性能进行测试。结果表明,该样品具有良好的抗菌性能。关键词: 二氧化硅,银,溴化银,核壳结构,缓释性能,抗菌性能 ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Hollow silica microspheres have great potential applications in many fields ,such as controlled drug delivery and release ,catalyst support ,sensors ,and so on, due to their special microstructure and unique physical and chemical properties. Here, hollow silica micropheres and ******@posites were prepared and characterizied. Their controlling release and antimicrobial behavior were investigated. The main scopes and results of this thesis are as below. (1) In the ethanol/NH 4OH medium, the hollow SiO 2 microspheres were prepared by coating SiO 2 on the surface of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) functionalized polystyrene (PS) particles and dissolving PS particles simultaneously. Some effects were investig ated, such as the concentr ation of TEOS, solution temperature and the type of catalyst, etc. The morphologies of hollow SiO 2 were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resu lts show that the as-synthesized hollow silica nanospheres exhibite a uniform size, and dispersed well. At the same time, th