热声制冷技术及其在天然气液化的应用.doc

热声制冷技术及其在天然气液化的应用
2007-12-29
摘要:将当前的天然气液化技术与热声制冷技术进行比较。热声制冷技术使制冷系统变得简单,实现了制冷系统中无运动部件,在利用废热、太阳能等低品位能源上有较大优势。介绍了热声制冷机、热声发动机和热声驱动的脉管制冷机,阐述了热声制冷技术发展现状及其在天然气液化方面的应用。
关键词:热声制冷脉管制冷机天然气液化
Thermoacoustic Refrigeration Technology and Its Application
to Natural Gas Liquefaction
ZHA0 Hai-bo,  FENG Liang
    (College of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
Abstract:The current natural gas liquefaction technology pared with thermoacoustic refrigeration technology. The thermoacoustic refrigeration technology makes the refrigeration system simple,without moving pans in addition,this technology can make good use of waste heat,solar energy and other low grade energy thermoacoustic refrigerator,thermoacoustic engine and thermoacoustically driven orifice pulse tube refrigerator are introduced,and the development status of ther-moacoustic refrigeration technology and its application to natural gas liquefaction are expounded.
Key words:thermoacoustic refrigeration;orifice pulse tube refrigerator;natural gas liquefaction
1 当前的天然气液化技术[1~4]
    天然气液化系统一般生产工艺过程是将甲烷体积分数为90%以上的天然气,经过脱水、脱烃、脱酸性气体净化处理后,采取先进的膨胀制冷工艺或外部冷源,使天然气变为-162℃的低温液体。目前天然气液化装置工艺路线主要有3种类型:阶式制冷工艺、混合工质制冷工艺和膨胀制冷工艺。
    ①阶式制冷工艺
    该工艺制冷机组多,流程长,对制冷剂纯度要求严格,且不适用于含氮量较多的天然气。因此这种液化已较少应用。
    ②混合工质制冷工艺
    混合工质制冷工艺采用多组分制冷剂,利用混合物各组分不同沸点、部分冷凝的特点,达到所需自不同温度水平。该工艺制冷剂混合物的组成一旦确定之后很难调整,很难使液化过程都能按冷却曲