主谓谓语句的多维考察.pdf

华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
主谓谓语句的多维考察
姓名:孙红举
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:语言学及应用语言学
指导教师:何洪峰
20060509
摘要
主谓谓语句是汉语独具特色又较为常见的句式。汉语中自古就有。前人时贤的研
究成果颇为丰富,本文在此基础上对主谓谓语句进行了多方面的考察:
文章严格区分了三个平面,认为不区分句法平面和语用平面是造成目前主谓谓语
句类型和范围争论的主要原因,争论的实质是句法成分和语用成分的纠缠。
文章主要从语义关系着眼对主谓谓语句的类型作了“全景”式的揭示,分为 6 个
大类,11 小类。其中一类是前人没有提到过的:VP(S1)+ S2+VP(P2)。文章从语气
功能、常式与易位、单重与多重、完整与缺省、句子的地位和作用、典型与非典型等
角度分别对主谓谓语句作了不同的分类。
文章从三个平面的角度和普遍语法句子中心理论论述了主谓谓语句存在的“丰厚
土壤”和生成过程。主谓谓语句只是汉语基本句式 S-V 在谓位上的延伸和拓展,是汉
语的基本句式。
文章对主谓谓语句的认知图式进行了说明。并从认知的角度对 S1 与 S2 有广义领属
关系句子的语序和“施事+受事+谓词”与“受事+施事+谓词”两种语义结构在语言使
用中的差异作出了解释。认为这是人类认知特点在语序安排中的体现。
从信息传递的角度看,主谓谓语句可以看成是不同层级的“主位——述位”结构
层级推进的结果。主谓谓语句具有重要的篇章功能。话题的篇章功能主要有:背景设
置功能、信息提顿功能、衔接与连贯功能、组织篇章功能、话题导入功能;述题的篇
章功能主要是篇章扩展。

关键词:主谓谓语句; 三个平面; 大主语; 小主语; 谓素; 认知; 话题; 篇章功能
I
Abstract
Clausal predicate is a special but normal sentence structure in the Chinese language
which always exists in the history. On the basis of researches of the precedents, in this thesis,
Clausal predicate is studied in a multi-dimensional perspective.
Strictly, this thesis makes a definition of “three planes”, and maintains that the main
cause leading to the confusion of both the types and scopes of Clausal predicate is the
non-divided categories ponents between pragmatics and syntax which represent the
nature of this kind of entanglement.
From the view of pragmatics, the types of Clausal predicate are displayed in a
panoramic way which is divided into six categories of which “VP(S1)+ S2+VP(S2)” is
not mentioned in the previous researches. This thesis categories the Clausal predicate from
such perspectives as tone function, normal form versus varied location, single versus
multiple levels, complete versus empty locus, the status and effects of the sentences, the
typical versus atypical.
Centered in the theory of “the sentence’s center in universal grammar” and using the
concept of “the three levels”, the foundation and productive process of Clausal predicate are
identif