一维纳米金属氧化物的制备与气敏性能研究.pdf

北京化工大学硕士学位论文一维纳米金属氧化物的制备与气敏性能研究姓名:刘欣申请学位级别:硕士专业:化学指导教师:李殿卿 20100526 摘要一维纳米金属氧化物的制备与气敏性能研究摘要本文分别采用水热法和溶剂热法合成出具有一维纳米结构的氧化锌, 运用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDX和XPS等分析测试手段对一维纳米氧化锌的晶体结构、形貌、结晶度和材料表面组成进行了表征。通过比较和讨论合成方法、温度和时间对氧化锌产品的影响,优化了合成工艺。本文考察了不同碱比和表面活性剂对氧化锌晶体生长的影响,研究和讨论了氧化锌在水热反应中的生长机理。以低温水热合成法的产品,比较了表面活性剂SDS和CTAB对于气敏性能的影响。对以CTAB为表面活性剂采用低温水热法制备得到的氧化锌进行了气敏选择性能的测试,并通过改变焙烧温度和焙烧时间研究了焙烧过程对于氧化锌气敏性能的影响。通过改变合成方法和合成条件,优化合成了一维纳米氧化锡晶体。在此基础上对纳米氧化锡进行了金属钯的掺杂与表面修饰,运用XRD、 SEM、TEM、EDX和XPS等分析测试手段对产品的晶体结构、形貌、结晶度和材料表面组成进行了表征。在采用乙醇溶剂热法制备纳米氧化锡的过程中,为了考察晶体生长的动力学与热力学因素,通过正交实验比较了时间与温度、碱比与初始浓度对氧化锡晶体形貌的影响。讨论了不同焙烧温度下氧化锡的气敏性质,并通过表面修饰改进了纳米氧化锡的气敏性能。北京化工大学硕士论文关键词:一维纳米结构,氧化锌,氧化锡,水热合成,溶剂热合成,气敏性质摘要 SYNTHESIS AND SENSING PROPEI汀Y oF oNE DIMENSIoNAL METAL oⅪDE NANOCRYSTAL ABSTRACT One—dimensional(1D)ZnO nanocrystals have been synthesized by hydrothermal and solvothermal morphology,crystallinity, ponent and structure ofcrystals were characterized bySEM,TEM, XRD and XPS order tooptimize theprocess ofZnO synthesis, several methods and differentsynthesis condition have pared and discussed. For investigated crystal growth mechanism,the ZnO nanocrystal syntheses by differentbase ratioand surfactant have been conducted in hydrothermal SDS-assisted and CTAB—assisted low—temperature hydrothermal synthesis,the effect ofsurfactant on the performance ofgas sensing material gas sensing selectivity of ZnO nanocrystalsynthesis by CTAB··assisted low·-temperature hydrothermal process was theeffect ofcalcinationtemperature andtime on ZnO response was systematically studied. Inorder tooptimize theprocess,One—dimensional Sn02 nanocrystals havebeen synthesized by several order tomodify thesurface of Sn02 nanocrystal,Pd metal was doped on theSn02 ponent. The morphology,crystallinity,ponent and structureofcrystals were characterized bySEM,TEM,XRD,EDX andXPS analysis. Inorder tostudy thedynamics andthermodynamics ofcrystal growth factors,anorthogonal experiment was desig