Modern.Physics.for.Scientists.and.Engineers,.Stephen.T..Thornton,.Andrew.Rex,.4ed,.Cengage,.2012.pdf

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Fundamental Constants
Quantity Symbol Value(s)
Elementary charge e ϫ 10Ϫ19 C
Speed of light in vacuum c ϫ 108 m/s
ϫϪ7 ؒϪ2
Permeability of vacuum (ic constant) m0 4p 10 N A
P ϫϪ12 ؒϪ1
Permittivity of vacuum (electric constant) 0 10 F m
Gravitation constant G ϫ 10Ϫ11 N ؒ m2 ؒ kgϪ2
Planck constant h ϫ 10Ϫ34 J ؒ s
ϫ 10Ϫ15 eV ؒ s
ϫ 23 Ϫ1
Avogadro constant NA 10 mol
Boltzmann constant k ϫ 10Ϫ23 J ؒ KϪ1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant s ϫ 10Ϫ8 W ؒ mϪ2 ؒ KϪ4
Atomic mass unit u ϫ 10Ϫ27 kg
MeV/c 2
Particle Masses
Mass in units of
Particle kg MeV/c 2 u
Electron ϫ 10Ϫ31 ϫ 10Ϫ4
Muon ϫ 10Ϫ28
Proton ϫ 10Ϫ27
Neutron ϫ 10Ϫ27
Deuteron ϫ 10Ϫ27
a particle ϫ 10Ϫ27
Conversion Factors
1 y ϭ ϫ 107 s 1 T ϭ 104 G
1 lightyear ϭ ϫ 1015 m 1 Ci ϭ ϫ 1010 Bq
1 cal ϭ J 1 barn ϭ 10Ϫ28 m2
MeV/c ϭ ϫ 10Ϫ22 kg ؒ m/s 1 u ϭ ϫ 10Ϫ27 kg 1
1 eV ϭ ϫ 10Ϫ19 J
03721_ES-SE_EP1- EP2 9/27/11 12:00 PM
binations of Constants
U ϭ h/2p ϭ ϫ 10Ϫ34 J ؒ s ϭ ϫ 10Ϫ16 eV ؒ s
hc ϭ ϫ 10Ϫ25 J ؒ m ϭ eV ؒ nm
Uc ϭ ϫ 10Ϫ26 J ؒ m ϭ eV ؒ nm
1 ϭϫ 9 # 2 # Ϫ2
P 10 N m C
4p 0
ϭ h ϭϫϪ12
Compton wavelength lc 10 m
mec
2
e ϭϫϪ28 # ϭϫϪ9 #
P 10 J m 10 eV m
4p 0
2
e 1
Fine structure constant a ϭϭ Ϸ
pP U
4 0 c 137
U
ϭ e ϭϫϪ24 ϭϫϪ5
Bohr on mB 10 J/T 10 eV/T
2me
U
ϭ e ϭϫϪ27
Nuclear on mN 10 J/T
2mp
Ϫ 8
ϭ ϫ 10 eV/T
4pP U2
ϭ 0 ϭϫϪ11
Bohr radius a0 2 10 m
mee
2
ϭ e ϭϭϫϪ18
Hydrogen ground state E0 P eV 10 J
8p 0a0
a2
mec 7 Ϫ1
Rydberg constant Rq ϫ10 m
2h
m
ϭϭϫ 7 Ϫ1
Hydroge