翻译汉译英之无主句的选择.ppt

无主句译法
无主句译法
Chinese and English have different systems of
subjects and predicates Subjects in English
are usually assumed by nouns, noun phrases
or structures that have similar functions like
nominal clauses but in Chinese by a lot of
other elements. the following is a list of the
elements that act as subjects in Chinese
(1) nouns or noun phrases as subjects
(2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects
3 adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects
(1)nouns or noun phrases as subjects
春天过去了。
本五毛钱。
·工业和农业得到了大发展
长江一带是水稻产区。
(2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects
说比做容易。
坚持下去就是胜利。
专心地听才能听懂。吃苦,他不怕。
(3) Adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects
·勤俭是一种美德。甜滋滋的,挺好吃
.汉语无主句特点
在汉语中,只有谓语部分而没有主语部分
的句子叫做无主包。这里所谓的无主句,
并不是省略了主语的句子,而是在汉语****br/>惯上就这么讲、这么写。至于其主语到底
是什么,往往很难确定。但是这种句子在
任何语言环境下都能表达完整明确的意思,
如:“房子前面有一棵树,树下拴着一头
老牛”,“刮风了,要下雨了”,“要吃
什么,尽管跟我说”等等
翻译思路
汉语句子中主语隐含或无主语时常可见
译成英文必须依照英语的要求,将主语增
补进来,或者另觅它途。进行增补时首先
要推敲语境,其次要考虑英语语法****惯和
行文的需要。另觅它途时要考虑句子的功
能以及和上下文的衔接情况。
构建翻译句子的整体框架
确定译文整个句子中各个成分,尤其是确
定以什么作为英语主语
Ⅲ.翻译方法
·添加适当的代词或名词充当主语
·用“it充当主语
采用英语的被动结构译出
采用“ There be"结构译出
汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句
采用倒装语序译出
将非主语成分转为主语
A Adding subjects
B Using the empty subject"it
C. Translating into English passive sentences
D. Translating into English there be"structure
E. Translating into Eng lish imperative sentences
F. Translating into English inversion
G Converting the non-subject part into subject
A Adding subjects
添加适当的代词或名词充当主语
Since an English sentence usually requires a subject, the
translator can add the subject that is omitted in the
Chinese original when he translates a Chinese subjectless
sentence. For instance
你一旦开始,就必须继续下去。
Once you begin, you must continue.
(amplification)
活到老,学到老。
One is never too old to learn
It is never too late to learn
一· It is never too old to learn
不入虎穴,焉得虎子
If one does not enter a tiger's den how can
one get a tiger's cub?
Nothing ventured, nothing gained
不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。
We can't get a