弗朗西斯-培根-bacon.ppt

Francis Bacon
I Life experience
Francis Bacon (1561-1626), a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge.
Bacon had a fortunate heritage and background. He studied at Cambridge and Gray’s Inn, entered Parliament,and gradually established his reputation. But he was later accused of taking bribes in office. He admitted accepting presents and retired in disgrace.
II Works
Essays 《论说文》
The Advancement of Learning 《知识的进步》
Novum Organum 《新工具》
1. Essays 《论说文》
The first example of that genre in English literature;
An important landmark in the development of English prose.
2. The Advancement of Learning《知识的进步》
A great book on education
He divides knowledge into two kinds. One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation; the other is the knowledge from the workings of human mind.
According to Bacon, man’s understanding consists of three parts: history to man’s memory, poetry to man’s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man’s reason.
3. Novum Organum 《新工具》
A successful treatise written in Latin on methodology.
The argument is for the use of inductive method of reasoning in scientific study, . proceeding from t