《哥本哈根学派》.ppt

Niels Bohr (1885-1962)The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"
Niels Bohr's first epoch-making papers on the quantum theory of atomic structure were published in 1913 on Philosophical Magazine
Establishment of Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of Copenhagen 1922
Niels Bohr Institute
On Niels Bohr's 80 birthday - October 7, 1965 - the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of Copenhagen will be given the name it has had unofficially for many years:
The Niels Bohr Institute
It is the purpose of these lines to present a short survey of the development of the Institute, so intimately connected with Bohr's life-work as a physicist.
哥本哈根学派
Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
The Copenhagen interpretation is the mainstream interpretation of quantum mechanics; it was worked out by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg while collaborating in Copenhagen around 1927. The interpretation attempts to answer some perplexing questions which arise as a result of the wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics.
Bohr’s complementarity

What is Quantum Mechanics?
Quantum mechanics is a theory. It is ourcurrent “standard model” for describingthe behavior of matter and energy at thesmallest scales (photons, atoms, nuclei,quarks, gluons, leptons, …).
Like all theories, it consists of amathematical formalism, plus aninterpretation of that formalism.
However, quantum mechanics differs from other physical theories because, while its formalism of has been accepted and used for 80 years, its interpretation remains a matter of controversy and debate. Like the opinions of the 6 blind men, there are many rival QM interpretations on the market.
QuantumMechanics
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle:Wave-particle duality, co