明代东宫官研究.pdf

Studies on Ming DongGong Official System Yin Xin College of History and Culture of Northwest Normal University May, 2014 万方数据万方数据万方数据西北师范大学研究生学位论文作者信息论文题目明代东宫官研究姓名尹鑫学号 2011210090 专业名称中国古代史答辩日期 2014 年 5 月 27 日联系电话 ********** E_mail 812735928@ 通信地址( 邮编) :甘肃省兰州市西北师范大学历史文化学院(730070) 备注: 万方数据 I 摘要东宫官是中国古代为教育、辅导、保卫太子,确保太子可以顺利继承皇位而专门设置的职官群体。东宫官主要包括太子六傅、太子詹事府、坊局官等。自夏、商、周三代开始,东宫官就已出现,汉唐以后,东宫官僚设置更加完善,到了明代东宫官僚体系得到了更进一步的发展。 1368 年,朱元璋建立了明朝,为了王朝的稳定与发展,在洪武元年就册立了长子朱标为皇太子,并设立了一系列抚育太子的机构。当时统治者在分析唐宋元各代东宫官僚体系的得失后,结合明代的实际情况,于是,设立了一套明代的东宫官僚体系。明代东宫官僚体系是由太子六傅、太子詹事府、坊局官所组成的。太子六傅自古便已有之,而在明代主要是虚衔,都是用来给有功的大臣或权臣加官赠官的。詹事府则统领主簿厅和坊局官,对太子日常生活起居、经史课业的学****负责。东宫组织的虚化是明代东宫官的总体趋势,首先是由廷臣兼领,其次与翰林官职事相通。明代东宫官员一般选用知识渊博、德高望重的儒士,他们通过荐举、科举、加官赠官、恩荫、亲臣等方式入选。他们一旦入选,个人的仕途则有不同,太子养德期间的东宫官员在太子践祚之后大多飞黄腾达;但是与皇帝因意见不合而下狱的东宫官员也有不少。总之,东宫官的主要职责便是培养太子, 在皇帝与太子之间调节以缓冲二者的矛盾, 很大程度上反映了明代政治秩序的演变。 关键词:明代东宫官 皇太子 政治影响 万方数据 II Abstract It is a special group that the DongGong offi cials in the ancient China for education, counseling, defended the prince which will ensure the ession to the DongGong officials consist of “Tai Zi Liu Fu ”, “ Zhan Shi Fu”, “Fang Ju Guan” and so on. Since the beginning of the Xia dynast y, the Shang dynasty, the Zhou dynasty, the DongGong officials have always app eared. After the Tang and Han dynasty, the bureaucratic has improved more perfect. It is when the Ming dynasty the bureaucracy system of DongGong officials has developed further more. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Mi ng dynasty. In order to stabilize and develop dynasty, he canonized eldest son Zhu Biao as the prince and set up a series of tending institutions of the prince in the fi rst of Hongwu. After analyzing the pros and cons of the DongGong official system in Tang and Song Yuan dynasty, then rulers combined with the actual situation of Ming dynasty to set up its own DongGong Official System. The system consists of “Tai Zi Liu Fu ”and “ Zhan Shi Fu”. “Tai Zi Liu Fu ” existed since ancient times