翻译技巧-课件【PPT演示稿】.ppt

第四章英译汉常用的方法和技巧(上) 第一节词义的选择、引申和褒贬一、词义的选择英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。(一)根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 I will be happy to answer questions (问题) at the end. The question (选择) is, do I take the job in Japan, or stay here? He ’ s by far the best, there ’ s no question (疑问) about it. I was questioned (询问) by the police for six hours. The social order of ants is very interesting. Everything in the house is in good order . They are said to have ordered more grain from Canada. The boss ordered that the work should be done on time. Have you ordered yet, madam? (二)根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义 Jim ’ s always taking in (收养) stray animals. This price takes in the cost of all the modation and food. I told Grandpa we were going away, but I don ’ t think he took it in . Don ’ t be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week. They will take in the sights of the city tomorrow. The school takes in at nine and lets out at four. 二、词义的引申从词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引申,选择比较恰当的汉语词来表达。(一)将词义作抽象化的引申 As far as head goes, she is an excellent student. Every life has its roses and thorns. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature. We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street. (二)将词义作具体化的引申 There were many pretty skirts in the class. Could you give me a hand? 三、词义的褒贬语言本身虽没有阶级性,但在具体使用时不可能不为一定的阶级服务。(一)英语中有些词本身就有褒贬意义,汉译时就应相应地表达出来。 He was a man of high renown. His notoriety as a rake did e until his death. (二)英语中有些词义是中立的,本身不表示褒义或贬义,但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味, 汉译时就应该用具有褒贬意味的相应的词来表达。 Mao Zedong showed his great ambitions even when he was young. The policeman was brave enough to arrest the murderer single-handed. We are proud of our motherland. Hitler ’ s ambition to overran the whole Europe and the whole world was seen clearly. If the prisoner were brave enough to escape, just shoot him dead. He is so proud that he always look down upon all his classmates. 生词推测前后文间的并列、递进、转折、类比、因果等逻辑关系有助于确定生词的含义。 Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is an unsociable person wh