会计学 1 西安交通大学研究生英语写作 Objectives Give an appropriate definition for a summary Know the characteristics of a good summary Learn the techniques in summary writing Learn the steps in summary writing Practice 第1页/共20页 I. What is a summary? A summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement --- in your own words ---of the contents of a passage. Note: you simply report back what the writer has said, without making value judgments. 第2页/共20页 II. Characteristics of a good summary Can be understood without reference to the original; Is a faithful reproduction of, or contains only the ideas or information of, the original; Is brief without any unnecessary detail; Is a readable unified whole 第3页/共20页 III. Techniques in summary writing Paraphrasing To paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other people’s ideas in one’s own words. 第4页/共20页 Examples: 1. You’ve cooked us all a hot potato. (a troublesome person or issue) 2. Prevention is better than cure. (It is better to prevent something unpleasant from happening than try to put it right afterwards.) 第5页/共20页 ★It helps us understand the original better. ★It helps us grasp the central idea and the main points. ★It helps us write summaries that are brief and to the point, and in our own words. The importance of paraphrasing 第6页/共20页 ★Read the original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly. ★Consider the original article as a whole, not in isolated sentences. Steps of paraphrasing 第7页/共20页 Grasping the central ideas III. Techniques in summary writing 第8页/共20页 Ways of condensation Use synonyms or synonymous phrases He had a good command of English. (He knew English well.) Change the structure of simple sentences My brother has an appreciation of modern art. (My brother appreciates modern art.) III. Techniques in summary writing 第9页/共20页