明喻ﻫ 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里, 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such 例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as a 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy .Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻ﻫ 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:ﻫ 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and 借喻,转喻ﻫ 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.ﻫ I.以容器代替内容,例如:ﻫ 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.ﻫ 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.ﻫ .工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.ﻫ ,例如:ﻫ a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
,例如:ﻫ I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
提喻ﻫ 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:ﻫ 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)ﻫ 他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)ﻫ 通感,联觉,移觉ﻫ .触..通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉 写感觉”。 比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。ﻫ 例如:ﻫ 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到 百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.ﻫ 2>.Taste the music of
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