汉英句子比较与翻译.ppt

汉英句子比较与翻译
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意合和形合
意合：主要靠句子内部的逻辑联系，指“句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语义手段（Semantic Connection）”
形合：句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语言本身的语法手段（形式手段），包括的句法手段（Syntactic Devices）或词汇手段（Lexical Devices）
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一、英语的形合法
（Relative Pronouns and Adverbs and Conjunctions）
(preposition)

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二、汉语的意合法：
1、语序
2、反复、排比、对偶、对照等
3、紧缩句
4、四字句
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人（若）不犯我， 我（则）不犯人
We will not attack unless we are attacked.
有饭大家吃（=如果有饭的话，那就大家一起吃吧！）
Let everybody share the food if there is any.
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由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会于外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。
回译文：
Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. The isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.
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原文: The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
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冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节，虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但是树木本身却是美的。
Winter is the best season to study the growth process of the tree. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.
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今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。
译文一、 Tonight I sat in the yard enjoying the cool of evening. I suddenly thought of the Lotus Pond I passed every day: it must surely look different now in the light of the full moon.
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译文二、 Tonight, when I was sitting in the yard enjoying the cool, it occurred to me that the Lotus Pond, which I pass by every day, must assure quite a different look in such a moonlight night.
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