英语写作--段落写作.ppt

English Writing 英语写作_段落写作 Part Two: Paragraph Writing Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph 1. 段落的主题与主题句 2. 段落的扩展 3. 段落的结尾 Chapter Two: Basic Paragraph Patterns 1. 列举法(Listing) 2. 举例法(Exemplification) 3. 时空顺序法(Time and Space Sequence) 4. 因果分析法(Cause and Effect) 5. 比较对照法(Comparison & Contrast) 6. 分类法(Classification) Ⅰ.段落的主题与主题句 II. 段落的扩展 III. 段落的结尾 The Structure of a Paragraph Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph Ⅰ.段落的主题与主题句 Back Back Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph 1. 段落的主题通常一篇文章只有一个中心思想,这个中心思想可以分为几个主题,每个主题由一个段落来完成。段落的组成通常包含三个要素:主题句(topic sentence) 、扩展句 (supporting sentence) 和结尾句(concluding sentence) 。 Back Back Ⅰ.段落的主题与主题句 Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph 一个段落只表达一个主题思想(主题句) ,一个段落内的其它句子(扩展句)必须从属于这一思想,一个段落通常还有一个结尾句与主题句相呼应,这就是段落的统一性(The Unity of a Paragraph) 。不同的主题思想应放在不同的段落中表达,否则容易枝杈横生, 使人不得要领。 Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph Back Back 例如: 主题句: Beijing is famous for its temperate climate, its large population, and its rapid industrial development. 该主题句有三个不同的观点揉在一起,如果作为一个段落的主题句则不符合要求,该主题句可分解为三个主题句,由三个段落分别来完成。 Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph Back Back 请看下面的段落有什么问题: My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA ( Young men ’ s Christian Association 基督教青年会) for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame (身躯) again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Every day I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby. Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph Back Back 本段的主题句是“ I like to keep physically fit ”,段中所有的句子应围绕这一主题。但段中有两个 irrelevant sentences ,一个是 I bought two new suitcases last week ,另一个是 My mother was a premature (早产的的) baby 。 Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph Back Back 主题句是一个段落中最具概括性的句子。一般包含两