浇注型聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备及性能研究.pdf

哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文摘要海洋资源开发迫切需要大量具有良好耐磨性、耐水性、减震降噪性材料。聚氨酯弹性体复合材料不仅具有很高的强度、耐磨性、耐介质性和阻尼性, 而且使用寿命可达30年之久,是一种极具研究价值的复合材料。本文采用预聚体法制备了浇注型聚氨酯弹性体复合材料,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)对材料制备的反应机理进行了讨论;通过X一射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对材料的微观结构形貌进行了表征;通过电子万能拉力机、粘弹仪、透湿杯对材料的宏观性能进行了测试。首先,论文研究了制备端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)型聚氨酯弹性体的最佳配方:以HTPB2600为软段,2,4。甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为硬段,-NCO %-'-,%,3,(DADMT)/_---羟甲基丙烷(TMP)(1:1)作为混合扩链剂,,增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)。其次,对聚氨酯弹性体进行了改性研究。把线性高分子、功能填料加入到体系中以改善复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能。结果表明,(1)PU/E-51 复合材料。E一51的加入量为预聚体质量的三分之一时,复合材料的力学性能有了显著提高;改性后材料的阻尼峰大幅度向高温区移动,且阻尼温域加宽。(2)PU/压电陶瓷复合材料。压电陶瓷的加入量为预聚体质量的60%时,复合材料的力学性能最好;PU/压电陶瓷复合材料的E,和E”随温度的上升下降速率较改性前加快;PZT型压电陶瓷和空心玻璃微珠同时改性时,E,和E"随温度上升而下降的速度明显下降。最后,论文还设计了制备聚氨酯/有机小分子DZ杂化阻尼材料的新方法。结果表明,有机小分子以熔融状态加入到聚氨酯阻尼材料反应体系时,所得材料的内部产生一定的有序排列:材料的tgo有了较大的提高,最高值达到 :"一100000Hz内,材料的E,和E’里加速上升的趋势。关键词:端羟基聚丁二烯;聚氨酯;力学性能;阻尼;改性哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT We need alarge number posite materials witllgood abradability. water resistance and properties of reduction of vibration and noise when empoldering (posites have not only higher strength,good abradability,medium resistance,damping properties butalso30years oflife,SO itis akind ofinteresting and posite. In this paper,the casting posite was synthesized by reactionmechanism Was discussed by FT-IR spectra, and themicrostructureandmorphology were characterized by XRD macroeconomic performances were characterized by the electronic universal testingmachine,viscoelastic apparatus andpermeability cup. Firstofall,thepreparation conditions oftheHTPB PUE were bestbatch formulaWas obtained paring thestaticmechanical properties of posite the prepolymer Was synthesized with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene 2600 as soft segment,2,4-toluene diisocyanate as hardsegment,%~%of-NCO,DADMT/TMP(1:1)as mixed chain extender,equivalent coefficient of 0%of DPB,the mechanical properties ofthePUE material were the best. Second,the modificati