摘 要
电子设备因散热需要,其机箱表面会存在大量孔缝,而孔缝又是电磁耦合的
主要通道,因而在降低机箱内部器件温度的同时,往往又会增加机箱的电磁泄漏。
因此,本文基于电磁屏蔽的基本理论,运用时域传输线矩阵法(TLM)、Robinson
等效电路法及实验法等多种屏效计算方法,研究了电子设备机箱在电磁屏蔽方面
的相关规律,从而为机箱的屏蔽设计提供实用的依据,同时也为散热设计提供电
磁屏蔽方面的参考。完成的主要工作有:
(1)以带孔的金属矩形腔体为对象,研究了在外部源与内部源分别干扰下,
腔体近场与远场的屏蔽特性,以及研究内部源干扰下,单极子天线的结构参数与
辐射位置,孔阵尺寸、数量与间距的变化,对腔体近场与远场屏蔽特性的影响,
得到了影响带孔腔体屏蔽特性的关键因素及一般规律。
(2)以带缝隙的金属矩形腔体为对象,应用 TLM 法研究了平面波的极化方
式及入射角,缝隙的长度、数量、位置、间距及方位等对腔体屏蔽特性的影响,
得到了影响腔体屏蔽特性的主要因素和一般规律。而且,为了解决网格数量和求
解精度、计算时间之间的矛盾,本文又提出了基于转移阻抗的缝隙等效建模方法,
并对该方法进行了验证。
(3)以具体常用服务器机箱为对象,研究了在内部源与外部源分别干扰下机
箱的电磁屏蔽特性,并结合前两点所得出的结论与规律,较全面地分析了影响机
箱电磁屏蔽性能的关键因素,并提出了一系列相应的优化方法,来降低机箱的电
磁泄漏,提高其屏蔽性能,同时也对缝隙的等效建模方法进行了验证。
关键词:电子设备机箱,孔缝,屏蔽特性,传输线矩阵法 TLM,等效建模方法
I
ABSTRACT
Large number of apertures and slots usually exist in actual enclosures of electronic
equipments due to heat dissipation purpose. However, the penetration of
electromagnetic energy though apertures and slots, will compromise the shielding
performance. Then, based on the fundamental electromagnetic shielding theory, the
main factors and rules determining the shielding performance of the enclosures were
studied through the Transmission-Line Matrix method (TLM), Robinson method and
experiment method to offer a basis and reference for the shielding and thermal design.
The works in this paper are summarized as follows:
(1)A metallic rectangular enclosure with holes was studied, and the influence of
some factors on the shielding performance of the enclosure were investigated, including
the near and far field characteristic of internal and external interference sources, the
parameters of the monopole antenna such as structure and radiation location, and holes
such as size, quantity and space. Finally, main factors and rules determining the
shielding performance of the enclosure with holes were obtained.
(2)A metallic rectangular
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