填料精馏塔.doc

填料精馏塔.doc摘要
填料塔为连续接触式的气液传质设备,与板式塔相比,不仅结构简单,而且具有生产能力大,分离填料材质的选择,可处理腐蚀性的材料,尤其对于压强降较低的真空精馏操作,填料塔更显示出优越性。本文以甲醇-水的混合液为研究对象,因甲醇-水系统在常压下相对挥发度相差较大,较易分离,所以此设计采用常压精馏。根据物料性质、操作条件等因素选择填料塔,此设计采用高位槽泡点进料、塔底再沸器和塔顶全凝器的重力回流的方式,将甲醇—水进行分离的填料精馏塔。通过甲醇—水的相关数据,对全塔进行了物料衡算和热料衡算,得出精馏产品的流量、组成和进料流量、组成之间的关系,以及再沸器和冷凝器的类型和尺寸,进而得到精馏塔的理论板数。分析了进料、塔顶、塔底、提馏段、精馏段的流量及其物性参数。对精馏段和提留段的塔径及填料层高度进行了计算,以确定塔的结构尺寸。对冷凝器、加热器、塔内管径、液体分布器、填料支撑板、塔釜及除沫器进行了选型计算,从而得到分离甲醇—水混合物液的填料精馏塔。
关键词:填料塔;理论板数;结构尺寸;流量;回流比
Abstract
The packed tower is continuous contact gas-liquid mass transfer equipment. Compared with tray column, the packed tower not only has a simple structure, but also has higher capacity to product. The packed tower can choose the separation of packing materials and handle corrosive materials. Especially for operation of low pressure drop vacuum distillation , the packed column shows superiority. This article make methanol-water mixture as the object of study .Because methanol-water system has a wide relative volatility at atmospheric, so this design adopt atmospheric distillation. According to the material properities, operating conditons and other factors,we select packed tower. This design adpot high groove bubble point to charge-in, the way of tower bottom reboiller and the gravity reflux of supertower condenser and this design is the pached distillation of separae methanol from water. By mthanol-water related data, this paper make material and heat material balance calculation, conclude the relationship between the flow, composition of distillation products and the flow, composition of charge-in, as well as reboiler and condensers
’ type and size, and then get the count of theoretical plate. This thesis analysis the flow and physical paraameters of charge-in, supertower, tower bottom, stripping section, rectifying section. This paper calculate the diameter of stripping section and rectifying section and the height of packing layer, then determine the structural size of tower. This thesis makes section and calcula