CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING USERS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INCLUDE A financial reports, users often pet- company’s managers, stockholders, bondhold- ing information sources, such as new wage ers, security analysts, suppliers, lending contracts and economy-oriented releases. institutions, employees, labor unions, regulatory This book concentrates on using financial authorities, and the general public. They use the accounting information properly. Users must financial reports to make decisions. For exam- have a basic understanding of generally ple, potential investors use the financial reports accepted accounting principles and traditional as an aid in deciding whether or not to buy the assumptions of the accounting model in order stock. Suppliers use the financial reports to to recognize the limits of financial reports. decide whether or not to sell merchandise to a The ideas that underlie financial reports company on credit. Labor unions use the finan- have developed over several hundred years. cial reports to help determine their demands This development continues today to meet when they negotiate for employees. Man- the needs of a changing society. A review of agement could use the financial reports to the evolution of generally accepted accounting determine pany’s profitability. principles and the traditional assumptions of Demand for financial reports exists the accounting model should help the reader because users believe that the reports help understand the financial reports and thus them in decision making. In addition to the analyze them better. 1 2 Introduction to Financial Reporting 2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Financial Reporting DEVELOPMENT Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are accounting principles that OF GENERALLY have substantial authoritative support: The accountant must be familiar with acceptable ACCEPTED reference sources in order to decide whether any particular accounting princ
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