中译英技巧-语篇衔接和连贯.ppt

第十章
汉英翻译中的衔接与连贯
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在Halliday和Hasan看来,衔接是一种非结构性语篇意义关系,它侧重于句间不同成分之间的语义联系。他们把形成衔接的非结构性意义关系分为五种类型: 照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接。
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接触一个人时首先看到的是他或她的优点。
Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance.
15)男孩哭得心都快碎了，当问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了。
The boy who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he dad had no food for two days.
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词汇衔接
重复
泛指词
同义词
反义词
上下义关系
搭配
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同义词
例一: （中华民族洗雪了百年耻辱, 振奋了民族精神,）感到无比的骄傲和自豪。
相对于英语而言, 在一般语篇中汉语的同义词并列现象比较多, 它们译成英语后往往只用一个词便可以表达意义
译文: ⋯we are very proud of it.
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同样, 单个英语单词也可以译成并列的同义词来加强生动性。
例二: We must have this ambition.
译文: 我们就是要有这个雄心壮志
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You will need to take some tools with you; you can get a hammer, a saw and a screwdriver from big department stores.
你得随身带上锤子、锯子和改锥, 这些工具从百货商店就能买到。
上下义关系
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虽然中国妇女在平等方面取得了巨大的进步,但还未完全实现平等就业机会。
译文: It is t rue that Chinese women have made enormous strides toward equality. But the goals of equal opportunity of employment for women have not been fully realized.
搭配
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“实现平等就业机会”中文很通顺,但英文中没有这种搭配, 英语一般说“realize/ accomplish the goal/ aim”。因此注意搭配衔接手段的
使用, 译成: “实现平等就业机会的目标”, 符合英语的表达。
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With all the above cohesive devices combined, we have our own way on how to combine two sentences or several segments together in C-E translation. Although it cannot apply on all occasions, we do find it very helpful in guiding translation practices.
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Same subject
我想，富人们大概过不惯冷清的郊野的冬天，都集向热闹的城市里去了。
I guess the wealthy residents, (who are) unaccustomed to the cold and lonesome winter there, must have swarmed into the bustling city.(《中国翻译》)
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Same predicate：
于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备，转首肯为摇头。(Repetition of verbs)
Consequently, your over joy would give way to anger; your praises would to criticism or even fault-picking; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. (ellipsis)(《中国翻译》)
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我们坚信社会主义是有伟大的前途，我们坚信我国亿万人民有伟大的前途。
(Repetition of verbs and same objects)
We believe that socialism has a bright future and so do our hundreds of mill