普朗克与马赫之间的哲学论战_黄炳线.pdf

2009 年第 6 期 No16, 2009
( 总第 218 期) THE NORTHERN FORUM Total No1218
= 科学技术哲学思想空间>
普朗克与马赫之间的哲学论战
黄炳线
( 中共广西壮族自治区委党校哲学部, 南宁 530021)
[ 摘要] 客观实在论是普朗克主要哲学思想之一, 它和实证主义的基本观点水火不相容, 反驳实证主
义是普朗克哲学活动的突出特征。青年时代的普朗克曾深受马赫哲学的影响, 而在研究黑体辐射和提出能
量子假说的过程中, 他逐渐摆脱实证主义尤其是马赫哲学的羁绊。普朗克和马赫之间的论战的焦点是: 是
否存在实在的外界; 物理规律是否具有客观性; 物理学统一的基础是什么; 原子是否具有实在性; 经济思
维原则是否是科学的最高目标和科学探索的最有效方法等等。这场论战是科学史和哲学史上发人深思, 让
人震撼的思想交锋, 是实在论与实证论之间最著名最有影响的争论之一。
[ 关键词] 普朗克; 马赫; 实证主义; 客观实在论
[ 中图分类号] B01 [ 文献标识码] A [ 文章编号] 1000- 3541 ( 2009) 06- 0107- 05
The Fierce Philosophic Debate between Planck and Mach
HUANG Bing- xian
( Party School of The mittee of C. P. C, Nanning 530021, China)
Abstract: Objective realism was one of Planckcs main philosophic thoughts. It conflicted with basic views of positivism drastically. Re-
futing positivism was a clear- cut characteristic in Planckcs philosophic activities. Planck had intensely been influenced by Machcs philosophy
when he was young . In the process of studying blackbody radiation and putting forward Energy Quantum Hypothesis Planck broke away from
the fetters of positivism especially Machcs philosophy gradually . The debate between Planck and Mach focused on these discrepancies:
whether there exists a real world; Whether laws of physics have objectivity ; What is the basis of unity of physics; Whether a atom has reality
; Whether the principle of