历年考研英译汉全真试题及详解.doc

Unit 3( 1996年) The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. ( 71) Some of these causes pletely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some , however , are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take , by persons in authority , act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This isa new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it isa frightening trend. ( 72) This trend began during the Second World War , when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted , however , that from time to time , questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers .It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment asa resource or machine to be kept in functional order. ( 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. This kind of support , like all government support , requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utili