【精品】PPT课件 Part II Mainland Southeast Asia.ppt

Part II: Mainland Southeast Asia
Introduction to the Musics of Mainland Southeast Asia
Nation-states do not necessarily define human cultural groups
nation-states plicated by linguistic and ethnic pluralism
no one type of music is Thai, or Burmese, or Lao
terms like Thai, Burmese, and Lao denote majority cultures
Each Southeast Asian nation looks clearly defined, but plex
each has cultural regions, minority ethnic groups, and historical strata
provinces and even neighboring villages can differ markedly
Knowledge of the mainland by researchers is not uniform
Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia have been ‘open’ to researchers
Burma, in contrast, was closed to outsiders until the 1990s
parts of Cambodia and Laos are still either off limits or difficult to visit
Questions for Discussion
How does this description of the mainland differ from the general region?
What is the relationship between a nation-state and an ethnic group?
Does being part of an ethnic group mean being unified as a people?
The Khmer People of Cambodia
Khmer denotes the majority ethnic group in the Kingdom of Cambodia
The nation was called Kampuchea, but the term is now avoided
Cambodia’s boundaries were created during colonialism
many lowland Khmer live in Thailand and Vietnam
many upland Khmer live in Laos and Vietnam
The nation
most of Cambodia is flat, except for mountains on the borders
extensive forests and plains with wet-rice cultivation
Two major rivers: the Mekong and the Tonle Sap
estimated population of almost 14 million people
90% of the population is ethnically Khmer
The culture
Many aspects of culture were transmitted from India
temples of Angkor include bas-reliefs of cultural elements, including music
Buddhism became the dominant religion in Cambodia by the 13th century