英语语法课件.ppt

句子成分
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
状语
表语
同位语
主语
定义
主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
可以充当主语的词
ke tastes delicious.
变化
China becomes strong after its entrance into WTO.
终止
The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
宾语
定义
宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。
例句
I saw a cat in the tree.
We think you are right.
Attention1：宾语的分类
直接宾语：多指物
间接宾语 多指人
例句：
Give the rubber to me
Please give the letter to XiaoLi.
My father bought me a book.
Attention2: 宾补 （宾语补足语）
有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。
例句：
We all call him LaoWang.
Please color it red.
We found the little girl in the hill.
定语
定义
用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
That is a beautiful flower.
The TV set made in that factory is very good.
This is my book, not your book.
There are more than twenty trees in our school.
I have a lot of things to do.
Our country is a developing country.
状语
定义
说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
作用
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等
做状语的成分
副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
例句：
A、副词一般在句子中做状语．
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.
He is playing under the the tree是地点状语.
B、不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。
I come specially to see .
C、介词短语
Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.
The boy was praised for his bravery.
D、从句作状语
When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
E、分词作状语
Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。
Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
主谓一致
主谓一致主要内容：
集合名词作主语时的主谓一致
主语从句作主语时谓语的确定
or, either---or, nor, neither---nor, not only-----but (also), not---but等连接两个并列主语时的主谓一致情况
主语+as well as, with, tog