英美文学课件Part Four Renaissance.ppt

? Rebirth of art and literature of ancient Greek learning in Europe after the dark Middle Ages ? I. Background ? The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundation of capitalism. After the dark Middle Ages, roughly 14-16 th c 1. Politically , power centralization 2. Religiously , Reformation 3. Geographical discovery 4. Rising bourgeois class English Renaissance ? Late of 15 th c to 16 th c. ? 1485, end of the Wars of the Roses ? 1534, Anglican Church ? Bourgeois parliament ? 1588, sea victory over the Spanish Armada Spirit of the Renaissance literature ? Man over god ? Reason over religion ? Praise of man with his infinite capabilities ? Earthly life over the afterlife ? Revival of science and art after the Middle Ages Representatives ? In drama Christopher Marlow 马洛, William Shakespeare 莎士比亚? In poetry ? Spenser, John Milton 弥尔顿? In Essay Francis Bacon 培根 Rise of play ? 1576, 1 st public theatre. ? Growth of english drama molded modern English. Part Four The Renaissance ? a. Enclosure Movement ? Britain changed from an exporter of wool to a manufacturer of cloth. The increasing demand for wool resulted in the Enclosure Movement. Peasants were driven off their lands to towns and became workers at low wages. They were the forefathers of the modern English proletariat. Part Four The Renaissance ? It was a time when “ sheep devoured men. ”?? b. Absolute Monarchy ? King Henry VIII (reigned 1509-1547 ) broke off with Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, confiscated their lands and proclaimed himself head of the Church of England( 英国国教) . Part Four The Renaissance ? c. The class of bourgeoisie ? Henry VIII policy found support among the rich town-folk — the merchants and handicraftsmen who were developing into a new class — the class of bourgeoisie. The rapid growth of trade and the formation of the n