Chapter 1 Introduction to Object-oriented programming and software Development课件.ppt

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IntroductiontoObject-orientedProgramming
and
SoftwareDevelopment
©2000McGraw-Hill
Chapter1-1
IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
Chapter1Objectives
Afteryouhavereadandstudiedthischapter,youshouldbeableto
Namethebasiccomponentsofobject-orientedprogramming.
Differentiateclassesandobjects.
Differentiateclassandinstancemethods.
Differentiateclassandinstancedatavalues.
Drawobjectdiagramsusingiconsforclasses,objects,andothercomponentsofobject-orientedprogramming.
Describethesignificanceofinheritanceinobject-orientedprograms.
Nameandexplainthestagesofthesoftwarelifecycle.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
ClassesandObjects
Object-orientedprogramsuseobjects.
Anobjectisathing,,Vehicle,Employee,etc.
Tocreateanobjectinsidethecomputerprogram,wemustprovideadefinitionforobjects—howtheybehaveandwhatkindsofinformationtheymaintain—calledaclass.
Anobjectiscalledaninstanceofaclass.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
GraphicalRepresentationofaClass
Account
Theclassnameappearsontopoftheicon.
Aniconforaclassistherectangle.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
Instance-ofRelationship
Employee
Employee
Bill
Employee
Steve
Employee
Andy
Theclassnamecanbeomittedsinceitisclearwhichclasstheseobjectsbelongto.
Thedottedlineshowstheinstance-ofrelationship.
Beforeyoucancreateinstancesofaclass,theclassmustbedefined.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
MessagesandMethods
Toinstructaclassoranobjecttoperformatask,wesendamessagetoit.
Youcansendamessageonlytotheclassesandobjectsthatunderstandthemessageyousenttothem.
Aclassoranobjectmustpossessamatchingmethodtobeabletohandlethereceivedmessage.
Amethoddefinedforaclassiscalledaclassmethod,andamethoddefinedforanobjectiscalledaninstancemethod.
Avaluewepasstoanobjectwhensendingamessageiscalledanargumentofthemessage.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
SendingaMessageandGettinganAnswer
Thismessagehasnoargument.
Account
chk-008
getMonthlyFee
monthlyfee
Themethodreturnsthevaluemonthlyfeebacktothemessagesender.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
CallingaClassMethod
Account
getAverageBalance
averagebalance
Theaveragebalanceofallaccountsisreturned.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
SummaryofClassandObjectIcons
<result>
<ClassName>
Squaredcornersareusedforaclassandclassmethods.
Aninstancemethodiconisdrawninadottedline.
<ClassName>
<ObjectName>
<result>
Roundedcornersareusedforaclassandclassmethods.
©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu
SampleInstanceDataValue
Account
SV129
Account
SV506
Account
SV008
currentbalance
currentbalance
currentbalance
AllthreeAccountobjectspossessthesameinstancedatavaluecurrentbalance.
Theactualdollaramountsare,ofcourse,different.



©2000McGraw-Hill
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IntroductiontoObject-OrientedProgrammingwithJava--Wu