古代汉语[最后】.doc

该【古代汉语[最后】 】是由【小果冻】上传分享，文档一共【27】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【古代汉语[最后】 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured26
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured27
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
古代汉语
讲授提纲
绪论
一、什么是古代汉语
三、学****古代汉语有何意义
四、古汉语常用工具书
2、查检词语和典故
3、查检虚词和特殊词语
〔1〕?助字辨略?
清人刘淇著
〔2〕?经传释词?
清人王引之著
〔3〕?词诠?
近人杨树达著,
〔4〕?古书虚词集释?
〔5〕?诗词曲语辞汇释?
近人张相著。
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured2
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured27
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
第一章文字
第一节文字和汉字简说
第二节汉字的结构
一、关于汉字形体结构的重要理论——六书说
二、汉字的形体构造
1、象形
甲骨文“鱼〞金文“鱼〞
甲骨文“马〞甲骨文“虎〞
〔2〕象形字的特点
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured26
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured3
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
甲骨文“鹿〞甲骨文“象〞金文“象〞
2、指事
3、会意
[甲“逐〞]
[篆“戒〞]
[篆“寒〞]
〔2〕会意字的特点
4、形声
〔1〕许慎对“形声〞的解释
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured4
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured27
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
许慎?说文解字·叙?:
“形声者,以事为名,取譬相成,江河是也。〞
〔2〕形声字的特点
〔3〕形声字常见的结构形式
见教材P77
〔4〕形声字比较特殊的一些结构
穎、栽、騰、勝、穀、賴、疆、荆、佞
旌、旗、徒、聽、歸
游、隨
歸、星[]、屦
豪、雷、夜
5、转注
6、假借
〔1〕许慎对“假借〞的解释
许慎在?说文解字·叙?:
“假借者,本无其字,依声托事,令长是也。〞
〔2〕“六书〞的“假借〞与通常所谓“通假〞有别
第三节汉字字体的开展演变
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured26
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured5
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
一、甲骨文
二、金文
第四节古书中的用字
一、古今字
1、什么是古今字?
2、古今字形成的原因
如上古时代,一个“共〞字就兼表“共同〞的“共〞、“拱手〞的“拱〞、“供给〞的“供〞等词,如:
法者,君臣之所共操也。〔?商君书·修权?〕
圣人共手,时几将矣。〔?荀子·赋?〕
贡之不入,寡君之罪也,敢不共给?〔?左传·僖公四年?〕
3、古今字的特点
然—燃孰—熟隊—墜縣—懸其—箕要—腰反—返
辟—避属—嘱章—彰竟—境賈—價昏—婚取—娶
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured6
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured27
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
解—懈
敛—殓赴—讣說—悅陳—陣
身—娠
?诗经?:“大任有身,生此文王。〞
二、异体字
?

三、通假字
?

四、繁简字
松—鬆
干—乾—幹—榦
斗—鬥〔鬭、閗〕
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured26
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured7
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
谷—穀
里—裏〔裡〕
余—餘
后—後
曹植?登台赋?:“从明后之嬉游,聊登台以娱情。〞
鐘—鍾
?诗经·关雎?:“窈窕淑女,鐘鼓乐之。〞
發—髮
獲—穫
“獲〞在古书中表示的意义较多,“猎获〞、“俘获〞、“获得〞等意义都要写作“獲〞。而“穫〞在古书中一般表示“收获庄稼〞或“农业收成〞的意义。如?诗经·七月?:“八月剥枣,十月穫稻。〞
丑—醜
第二章词汇
第一节古今词汇的继承与开展
一、词汇的继承
二、词汇的开展
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured8
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured27
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequalandequaltothedesignvalue,,b,andcvalueswhileonhorizontalverticalerrorsformeasurement,Generalinironanglecodebitatmeasurementlevelpointsgriderrors,specificmethodisfrombaselinetomethylverticalboxcenterlinedistancefora,,tobverticalboxdistanceforb,listcanmeasured
。
第二节古今词义的继承与开展
一、古今意义根本相同
二、古今意义完全不同
三、古今意义同中有异。
第二节词的本义和引申义
一、词的本义
1、什么是词的本义?
2、掌握词的本义有何意义?
3、探求本义的方法
二、词的引申义
1、什么是引申义
severalgroupnumber,thenwithb±a,=c,-2~3measurement,suchasproceedsofcvaluesareequal