计算机英语（第二版）课件chapter10.pdf

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ComputerScienceinEnglish
TeachingAssistedCourseware
DesignedandProgrammedBy
JiangTongqiang
MiaoTianshun:.
ComputerScienceinEnglish
-readingQuestions

Object-OrientedTechnology

:.
-readingQuestions
?Describe
?Describethe
theadvantagesofencapsulation.
advantagesofencapsulation.
ReferenceKey:
?Describethe
Encapsulationisthepackagingofseveralitems
advantagesofpolymorphism.
,both
attributesandbehavioroftheobjectare

objectinUML?Describeeachofthem.’sattributesisthroughthatobject’s

object’:.
-readingQuestions
?Describethe
advantagesofpolymorphism.
ReferenceKey:
Polymorphismmeans“manyforms”.Applied
toobject-orientedtechniques,itmeansthata
behaviormaybecompleteddifferentlyfor
differentobjects/classes.
Therequestingobjectknowswhatservice(or
behavior)torequestandfromwhichobject.
However,therequestingobjectdoesnotneed
:.
-readingQuestions

definedinUML?Describeeachofthem.
ReferenceKey:
Intermsoftheviewsofamodel,theUML
definesthefollowinggraphicaldiagrams:
–Usecasediagram.
–Classdiagram.
–Statechartdiagram.
–Activitydiagram.
–Interactiondiagrams.
–:.

,
attributeshaveinvolvedtoincludemore
thansimpledatacharacteristicsas
representedinthepreviousexample.
介词短语withadvancesintechnology作状语,表
原因/伴随。asrepresentedintheprevious
example作定语,修饰主句所说的情况。:.


packagingtheinformationinsuchawayasto
hidewhatshouldbehidden,andmakevisible
whatisintendedtobevisible.
介词结构forpackagingtheinformationinsucha
wayastohidewhatshouldbehidden,andmake
visiblewhatisintendedtobevisible作technique
的定语。其中asto接一个宾语从句whatshould
behidden,而whatisintendedtobevisible作
make的宾语。这是一个make+宾语+形容词
(宾语补足语)的结构,为了平衡句子而把较
长的宾语移到了形容词的后面。:.


techniquewhereintheattributesand
behaviorsthatarecommontoseveral
typesofanobjectclassesaregrouped
intotheirownclass,calledasupertype.
Wherein:关系副词,意思为“在哪方面”。限制
性定语从句thatarecommontoseveraltypesof
objectclasses修饰attributesandbehaviors。:.


needtoknowhowthereceivingobjectis
organizedinternallyorhowthe
behavioristobeaccomplished,onlythat
itrespondstotherequestinawell-
definedway.
现在分词短语sendingamessage修饰anobject。
howthereceivingobjectisorganizedinternally与
howthebehavioristobeaccomplished为宾语从
句,作动词know的宾语。onlythat引导it的状
语从句表示条件,其中的it指的是anobject
sendingamessage。:.


performsortowhichitissubjected.
thatanobjectperforms与towhichitissubjected
均为限制性定语从句,修饰anaction。:.


designedtoselectautomaticallythe
correctmethodtoimplementan
operation,dataassociatedwiththe
operationasparameters,andthename
oftheobject’sclass.
现在分词结构作状语,表结果。
不定式短语toselectautomaticallythecorrectmethodto
implementanoperation作状语,表目的。该句中data
associatedwiththeoperationasparametersandthenameof
theobject’sclass为独立结构,作句子的状语,表方式。
thenameoftheobject’sclass后面省略了asparameters。:.


developerstounderstandthecontextin
whichthesystemwillbeusedandto
describetherequirementsinawaythat
theuserwillunderstandthem.
限制性定语从句inwhichthesystemwillbeused
修饰context,限制性定语从句thattheuserwill
understandthem修饰way。:.


thebehavioroftheobjectsintermsofthe
statestheobjectexistsin,thetransitions
allowedbetweenobjects,andtheevents
thatcauseobjectstochangestates.
介词短语interms带了三个宾语,其中心词是:
thestates,thetransitions和theevents。其中限
制性定语从句theobjectexistsin修饰the
states,过去分词结构allowedbetweenobjects作
transitions的定语。限制性定语从句thatcause
objectstochangestates修饰events。:.


asapopulationofinteractingobjects,
eachofwhichisanatomicbundleof
dataandfunctionality,isthefoundation
ofobjecttechnologyandprovidesan
attractivealternativeforthe
developmentofcomplexsystems.
名词从句thatasystemcanbeviewedasa
populationofinteractingobjects,eachofwhichan
atomicbundledataandfunctionality修饰the
idea,其中由eachof引导的非限制性定语从句
则修饰objects。:.


realizemostofthereuseofobject-
orientedproducts,sinceitispossibleto
guidethedesignsothatlower-level
objectscorrespondexactlytothosein
existingobjectlibrariesortodevelop
objectswithreusepotential.
名词从句whereaprojectcanrealizemostofthe
reuseofobject–orientedproducts为表语从句。
由since引导的从句作原因状语从句,it为形式
主语,真正的主语为toguide与todevelop不定
式结构。其中还包含一个由sothat引导的目的
状语从句。:.


theCADCS,theuseoftheOODtechniques
andsubsequentimplementationinOOPL
resultedina30%reductionindevelopment
timeanda20%reductionindevelopment
staffeffortascomparedtosimilarly-sized
projectsusingtraditionalsoftware
developmenttechniquesandlanguages.
该句中a30%reductionindevelopmenttimeanda20%
reductionindevelopmentstaffeffort为resultedin的宾
语。ascomparedtosimilarly-sizedprojectsusing
traditionalsoftwaredevelopmenttechniquesandlanguage
作状语,表示方式。其中,现在分词短语作定语,修
饰similarly-sizedprojects。:.

encapsulation[],
polymorphism[],多
inheritance[],遗产
attribute[(:)t],品质,特征
translucent[]
transparent[],透光的
occurrence[],出现
polygon[],多边形
transcend[],胜过
static[],静态的
dynamic[],动态的:.

constraint[],限制
spiral[]
substantially[],相
maintainability[]
radical[],基本的
prior[],在前的
numerous[],许多的
eventually[],终于
accordingly[],从而
artifact[],制品
genesis[]:.

syntactical[]
familiarity[],通晓
prominent[],显著的
fidelity[],诚实
asynchronous[],异
explicit[];清楚的
stimulus[],促进因素
collaboration[]:.







(SummarizingtheText)

Translation:.
——ComprehensionComprehension
.
(orattributes)andofitsdata(orattributes)and
.
,,bothattributesandbehaviorofthebutesandbehaviorofthe

accessanobjectaccessanobject’’sattributesisthroughthatsattributesisthroughthat
objectobject’’ss..

.

:.
——ComprehensionComprehension
.

oror““partpart--ofof””.
/specializationisatechniquewhereinionisatechniquewherein
theattributesandbehavitheattributesandbehaviorsthatarecommontoorsthatarecommonto
severaltypesofanobjectclassesaregroupedintoseveraltypesofanobjectclassesaregroupedinto
theirownclass,calledatheirownclass,calleda..
.““wholewhole--partpart””
:.
——ComprehensionComprehension
.

.

relationshipisrelationshipis““hashas--aa””.


classhasthesamenameandadifferentclasshasthesamenameandadifferent

.
--orientedprogrammingorientedprogramming
professionals,professionals,CoadCoad,,IvarIvarJacobsen,andJamesJacobsen,andJames

.
’’sname,statesname,state

:.
——ComprehensionComprehension
.
(A)Object(A)Object(B)encapsulation(B)encapsulation(C)class(C)class
(D)Multiplicity(D)Multiplicity(E)polymorphism(E)polymorphism

____AsetofobjectsthatsharecommonAsetofobjectsthatsharecommon
.
SomethingthatisoriscapableofbeingSomethingthatisoriscapableofbeing

seen,touched,orotherwisesensed,andaboutseen,touched,orotherwisesensed,andabout
.

ThepackagingofseveralitemstogetherThepackagingofseveralitemstogether
.

TheminimumandmaximumnumberofTheminimumandmaximumnumberof
occurrencesofoneobject/classforasingleoccurrencesofoneobject/classforasingle

occurrenceoftherelatedobject/:.
——ComprehensionComprehension

objects/classes.
Reference:Reference:

:.
——VocabularyVocabulary
.
Changetheformwherenecessary.
transcen