山东省冷水性鱼类养殖现状及健康养殖建议.doc

山东省冷水性鱼类养殖现状及健康养殖建议
摘要:对山东省境内的冷水性鱼类养殖企业进行了实地调研,主要涉及内容为冷水性鱼类的养殖面积、产量、养殖品种、养殖模式等现状以及在养殖过程中遇到的技术问题。在对山东省整个区域的资料汇总、统计分析的基础上,根据国内外冷水性鱼类的发展趋势,结合山东省自然资源条件以及养殖经验,提出从循环水养殖、苗种繁育、病害防治及饲料营养等角度开展健康养殖的建议。并且在苗种繁育的工作中需谨慎开展杂交鲟的研究与推广;借鉴成功经验,开展“公司+基地+农户”养殖模式;注重成鱼养殖以及后备亲鱼的培育;大力提升冷水性鱼类深加工规模,形成“繁养-加工-销售”的产业链,推动冷水性鱼类养殖产业的健康发展。
关键词:冷水性鱼类;养殖;现状;建议;山东省
中图分类号:(252) 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2011)24-5216-04

Current Situation and Healthy Culture Proposals of Cold Water Fish Culture in Shandong Province

YU Zhen-hai,CHEN You-guang,JING Ying
(Fresh Water Fishery Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, China)

Abstract: The current situation of cold water fish, including area, yield, species and culture mode and the technique problem in culture, was investigated by on-the-spot investigation of cold water fish culture in Shandong province. It was suggested
that the healthy culture might develop from recirculating aquaculture, fry breeding, disease prevention and feed nutrition according to data analysis for Shandong culture industry, and the cold water fish development at home and abroad. It was also proposed carefully conducting the research and promotion of hybrid sturgeon, persisting in the adult fish culture and reserved broodstock cultivation should be persisted, using the advanced culture mode of ‘company, base and peasant household’ and greatly enhancing the scale of deeply
processing to form the industry chain of ‘culture-process-sale’ and promoting the healthy development of the cold water fish culture.
Key words: cold water fish; culture; current situation; proposal; Shandong province

冷水性鱼类是指生活于冷水水域中、栖息适温在20 ℃以下、繁殖适温在15 ℃以下的喜冷性鱼类和冷温性鱼类[1]。通常我们将以鲟鱼(Acipenser sturio Linnaeus)为代表的亚冷水性鱼类也称为冷水性鱼类[2]。冷水性鱼类多生活在清凉、流动、无污染的水域中,并且其除富含蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质外,还含有丰富的高度不饱和脂肪酸,而且肉质细嫩,无肌间刺,可食比率大,是营养价值和经济价值都比较高的优质鱼类[3,4]。冷水性鱼类具有生长快、抗病强、饵料易于解决、饲养技术简单等优点,发展冷水性鱼类的养殖前景在业内非常看好[4]。

目前全球冷水性鱼类的年需求量约为5×106 t,但年产量只有1×106 t;×105 t,但年产量约为6×104 t