A GLIMPSE AT MATERNITY NURSING in the 21st CENTURY K. L. Ringgenberg, RNC, MSN, WHNP Shanghai Jiao Tong University SON April 5, 2006 Maternity Nursing in the 21st Century Antepartum Care Intrapartum Care Technology in OB “Partum” Parturition: birth Partum: regarding time period to the birth Antepartum: before birth or prenatal Intrapartum: during the birth process Postpartum: after the birth (usually regarded as the first 30 days) Antepartum Care in the 21st Century Care beginning before the birth “Prenatal” care History of Antepartum Care Prior to 1925, no formal practice of antepartum care. 2nd Century-warned against violent movements to prevent ROM, sexual intercourse harmful to pregnancy 1513-first published OB text (Germany) 1700s-forceps invented, male midwife developed theories for midwives in London 1700s into 1800s-births attended by munity in US due to price History- continued 20th Century-at the turn of the century, 50% of births in US conducted by midwives Fast Facts-Maternal 1900-maternal death rate 6-9/1000 USA 40% of those deaths were due to infection 2004-death rate at ~8-9/100,000 USA 1989-maternal death rate in China 95/100,000 2004-,000 Fast Facts-Infants 1900-30% of infants in USA major cities died before 1st birthday 2000s-infant mortality rate~7/1000 USA <1950’s-infant mortality rate 300/1000 China 2001-33/1000 in China (reportedly as low as 5/1000 in Beijing and Shanghai) 20th Century Influences High infant & maternal mortality rates 1914-coined term “nurse midwife” Today-nurse midwife is defined as a RN with an advanced certification and master’s degree in midwifery 1925-Children’s Bureau in the US mended antepartum care to decrease mortality rates