传染病学概论 PPT课件.ppt

传染病学概论_PPT课件Pandect of Infectology传染病学概论
Health and disease
健康:有序的机体内环境的稳定(homeostasis, 自我平衡),主观表现舒适(ease),能轻松正常从事工作、学****和生活
疾病:有序的机体内环境的“显著”失稳定(disequilibrium of homeostasis),主观表现“显著”不适(dis-ease),并对工作、学****和生活造成“显著”影响
亚健康/潜疾病:有序的机体内环境的“非显著”失稳定,主观表现“非显著”不适(dis-ease),对工作、学****和生活无“显著”影响
Aitia and adaptation
病因:诱发有序的机体内环境“失稳定”的各种因素,使有序的机体内环境由“稳定”走向“失稳定”
适应:针对有序的机体内环境“失稳定”的有限调整,使有序的机体内环境由“失稳定”走向“稳定”
健康与疾病同属模糊概念:没有绝对的健康,也没有绝对的疾病
衰老属于有序过程:衰老本身不是疾病,但衰老可导致疾病
Health, sub-health and disease
Health
Adaptation
Aitia
Disease
Sub-health
fortable
Biological classification
Linnaeus1735
2 kingdoms
Haeckel18663 kingdoms
Chatton19252 empires
Copeland19384 kingdoms
Whittaker19695 kingdoms
Woese et al.19776 kingdoms
Woese et al.19903 domains
Cavalier-Smith2004
6 kingdoms
(not treated)
Protista
Prokaryota
Monera
Monera
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota
Protoctista
Protista
Protista
Eukarya
Protozoa
Chromista
Vegetabilia
Plantae
Plantae
Plantae
Plantae
Plantae
Protoctista
Fungi
Fungi
Fungi
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Microbe and macrobe
Virus
anism
Viroid
Sub-virus
Virino
Microbe
Virusoid
Prokaryote
Uni-anism
Archaeon
Bio
anism
Eukaryote
Multi-anism:
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Uni-anism
Archaeon
Macrobe
Eukaryote
Multi-anism:
Eukaryote
Innate immune system: anatomical barrier
Anatomical barrier
Additional defense mechanisms
Skin
Sweat, desquamation, flushing, organic acids
Gastrointestinal tract
Peristalsis(肠蠕动), flushing, gastric acid, bile acids, digestive enzyme, gut flora, thiocyanate(硫***酸盐), defensins
Respiratory airways and lungs
Mucociliary elevator, surfactant, defensins
Nasopharynx
Mucus, saliva, lysozyme
Eyes
Tears
Innate immune system: inflammation
Pattern
recognition
receptors
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Chemical factors#
Histiocytes
Cytokines*
Mastocytes
Complement system
Neutrophils
Coagulation system
Eosinophils
Acute-phase prot