Chapter 3 Surface-structure Deviation 文体学课件[精].ppt

Chapter 3 Surface-structure Deviation
Four types of deviation: phonological, graphological, lexical and syntactic 
 Phonological Deviation: 
(I) Omission 
A: Aphesis: the omission of an initial part of a word, . 
Thou on whose stream, ’mid the steep sky’motion, 
Loose clouds like earth’s decaying leaves  are shed, 
Commotion: disturbance and turbulence,  hubbub; steep: precipitous
B: Syncope: the omission of a medial part of a word,.
A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard
In spring-time from the cuckoo-bird,
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides
Notes: Hebrides [’hebridi:z]: a deep island of England.
C: Apocope: the omission of a final part of a word,.
Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi’ the sun
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I will love thee still, my dear,
While the sands o’ life shall ran.
Notes: a’: all; wi’: with; o’: of
(II) Mispronunciation and Sub-standard Pronunciation: in order to vividly describe a character, the literary writer may choose to let his character mispronounce certain words or simply pronounce them in sub-standard ways.
(Examples on P. 25-29)
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(III) Special pronunciation
The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,
If es, can spring be far behind?
(IV) Change of stress
The aim of it is for exigency of meter, archaic affection, or obedience to some obscure principle of euphony. bumble
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Exercises:
Look at the -55(TB)
Q1:What do the omissions in the stanza stand for?
Q2: What does the poem symbolize?
Q3: What does “star” represent?
Q4:What are the feelings of mon people toward the star?
Q5: What are the two facets of the rainbow?
Q6: What are the uses of rainbow for the sun?
Q7: Why do some people like the rainbow?
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To continue
Each circle from the outside to the inside represents a progression in the degree of seriousness of injury.
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Example:
l (a
le
af
fa
ll
s)
one
l
iness
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B Type of print: Literary writers choose to express their ideas by manipulating the type