金属氧化物纳米结构的制备及催化性能研究.doc

摘要
金属氧化物纳米结构,如纳米棒、纳米线、纳米带、纳米管等,因其独特的结构及其在基础研究领域和工业中的潜在应用引起了人们特别的关注。首先,一维纳米材料被认为是能够有效传输载流子的最低维度结构,是未来纳米电子领域内传输信息最理想的工具。一维纳米材料还因其较小的维度和尺寸而表现出独特的电学、光学和力学特性,在激光、传感、电子显微镜探针等方面有着广泛的应用。另外,一维纳米材料在构造纳米器件方面发挥着重要作用,既可以作为导线,也可以作为基本的功能结构单元。因此,发展新颖、简单、方便的合成技术来制备一维纳米材料一直是合成化学家所追求的目标。
染料废水在各种待处理废水中占有相当大的比例,深度处理染料废水的高级氧化技术(AOPS) ,如多相催化氧化法、光催化法、超声技术等近年来得到广泛的研究。但是光催化法在反应器设计上存在问题,而且目前载体种类的拓展和催化剂的负载化也不能有效地解决催化剂的分离和光利用率等关键问题。而超声技术在从实验室走向实际应用中还存在超声反应器的材料、设计、功耗、处理效果、经济成本等关键性问题。多相催化氧化法是借助催化剂的作用,加快氧化剂如H2O2的分解,与有机物迅速反应,在较短的时间内降解有机污染物,由于使用的是固体催化剂,便于回收利用,不会造成二次污染,成为新兴的治理技术。
本文采用水热法合成了不同形貌的二氧化锰,并考察了对H2O2氧化降解酸性品红模拟废水的催化性能,此外,我们还制备了氧化锌纳米结构,考察了其对甲基橙光催化反应的影响。此项研究对于环境保护和经济具有重要的意义。
关键词:纳米结构,水热法,光催化,酸性品红,甲基橙
Abstract
Metal oxide nanostructures, such as nanorods, nanowires, nanobelts, nanotubes, etc. are being particular concerned because of its unique structure and potential application in the field of basic research and industrial . First, the one-dimensional nanomaterials are considered as the minimum dimensions structure to transfer the carrier effectively and the best tools to transfer information inthe field -electronic in the future. one-dimensional nanomaterials also show the unique electrical, optical and mechanical characteristics,because of their smaller size and dimension ,and they has a wide range of applications in laser, sensor, electron microscopy probe,etc。In addition, one-dimensional nano-materials play an important role in ponents, for they can be used both as a conductor and a basic unit in function and structural . Therefore, developing novel, simple and convenient synthesis technology to prepare one-dimensional nanomaterials is considered as a goal by synthetic chemists.
Dye wastewater occupys a large proportion of a variety of wastewater to be processed, advanced oxidation technology (AOPS) to do a deep deal with wastewater, such as the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic methods, ultrasound technology has been widely studied in recent years. However,