讲虚拟语气.ppt

虚拟语气
种类
从句的动词形式
主句的动词形式
现在
动词过去式(be的全人称用were)
would/should/could/
might+动词原形
过去
had+过去分词
would/should/could/
might have+过去词
将来

+动词原形
to+动词原形
would/should/could/
might +动词原形
一、基本形式
注意:在主句中,should仅与第一人称搭配,
could和might各人称都可以搭配,但would最
普遍。
(一)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句
If I knew German, I would read the book in the
original.
(二)与过去事实相反的
If it had not rained yesterday, we would have
played football.
(三)、与将来事实相反
If he came next week, he would still have the
chance to meet the famous movie star.
If he were e, he would be terribly
punished.
(四)、错综时间条件句
If it had not snowed yesterday, we would be on
the way to Shanghai now.
If they had left home in early morning, they
would arrive in half an hour.
五、省略if 的条件句,虚拟语气的倒装
Were if not for their help, we would be in great
trouble.
Had it not been for the good policy, he would not
have finished his college education.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip.
(六)、含蓄条件句
介词或介词短语:with, without, in that position,
in the absence of, under, but for, for the fear of ,
in case of
Under a better condition, we would have done
much better.
In the absence of sunlight, there would be no
moonlight.
:and, but, but that, or, otherwise, lest
Tell me the truth, and you wouldn’t have to fear.
But that I saw it with my own eyes, I could not
have believed it.
He was seriously ill that day, otherwise, he
would certainly have called you.
二、虚拟语气的特殊形式
1. 一些动词在接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气
suggest, command, request, insist, require,
order, propose, ask, advise, mend, intend,
deserve, prefer, pray, persist, appoint, permit,
vote, promise, persuade, expect, decide, instruct,
object, determine, urge, move(提议), arrange
主句用正常的陈述句对应的时态,
从句用“should +动词原形”
The teacher suggested that all the students
(should) leave the classroom at once.
He intended that she do it right now.
否定形式
The doctor insisted that the patient not be moved.
2. It is/was +(上述动词的)过去分词+that 从句
从句用“(should)+动词原形”