主动与被动.ppt

主动与被动.ppt主动语态
被动语态
语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态:一、主动语态(active voice) 二、被动语态(passive voice) 主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
        被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,如果有必要强调动作的执行者,动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
A. 十种常见时态的被动语态
1. 一般现在时 
主动语态:do   被动语态:am/is/are done 
 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。
 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。  
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。  
Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗
2. 一般过去时
主动语态:did  被动语态:was/were done  We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。  The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。   The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。   Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗?   How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱?
3. 一般将来时
主动语态:will/shall do  被动语态:will/shall be done  We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。  The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。   The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。   Will the school sports meeting be held next week? 校运动会将在下星期举行吗?   When shall we be given a lecture on the 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座?
4. 一般过去将来时
主动语态:would do  被动语态:would be done  We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。  We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。   He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。   She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。   I wasn't told that I should be invited to the party. 没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。
5. 现在进行时
主动语态:am/is/are doing  被动语态:am/is/are being done  We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。  The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。   A hospital is being built in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。   Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗?   How is the new teaching method being tried there 那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的?
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