英语词汇学 word formation.ppt

“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”
English Lexicology (II)
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English Lexicology(II)
Contents
5. Word-Formation I: the Major Processes
6. Word-Formation II: the Minor Processes
7. Motivation
To be continued
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English Lexicology(II)
Chapter 5 Word-Formation I: The Major Processes
General Remarks
Prefixation
Suffixation
Conversion

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English Lexicology(II)
General Remarks
The three major processes
affixation or derivation (%)
Prefixation
suffixation
conversion (%)
composition pounding (27%)
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English Lexicology(II)
Prefixation
The definition of prefixation
Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. However, there is an insignificant number of class-changing prefixes
Non-class-changing prefixes: natural-unnatural, like-dislike, fair-unfair
Class-changing prefixes: force-enforce, danger-endanger, form-deform(使不成形), little-belittle, war-postwar, college-intercollege
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English Lexicology(II)
Prefixation
The classification of prefixes
In some reference books, prefixes (and suffixes) are classified according to their source, but this does not seem to help from a practical point of view. It seems more helpful to classify the most important productive prefixes by their meaning into the following ten categories:
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English Lexicology(II)
Prefixation
1) Negative prefixes
a-/an-
amoral, asexual, atheism, anacid, anarchy,
dis-
dishonest, discontent, discover, disobey, disagree
in-
plete, inconsistent, incorrect, invulnerable, illogical, illegal, impolite, immoral, imbalance, irrational, irregular
non-
nonviolent, non-cooperation, nonautomatic, nonadjustable, nonalcoholic
un-
uninformative, unexpected, unease, unrest
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English Lexicology(II)
Prefixation
Order
Literate
Symmetry
Governmental
Relevant
Productive
Believ