低表面能防污涂料的研制与性能表征-材料学专业毕业论文.docx

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Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering
DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW SURFACE ENERGY ANTIFOULING COATINGS
Candidate: Liu Hanli
Supervisor: Prof. Zhang Dongxing
Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Engineering
Speciality: Materials Science
Affiliation: School of Material Sci.&Eng.
Date of Defence: June, 2009
Degree-Conferring-Institution:Harbin Institute of Technology
摘要
舰船长期在海洋中行驶,受到海洋生物的污损严重。污损生物会增加舰船自重和航行的阻力,增加燃油消耗,影响舰船的使用性能。传统防污涂料的防污手段是释放有毒离子,从而起到防污作用,却严重的污染了海洋生态环境。因此,无毒环保型涂料成为了当今科学研究的热点。低表面能防污涂料是利用自身表面能低的性质使污损物在舰船上的粘附力下降,进而达到防污目的。
甲壳素/壳聚糖是一类在海洋动植物体内经过生物合成的多糖类生物高分子,其具有抑菌性、自修复性、抗开裂性。同时,甲壳素/壳聚糖及其衍生物具有较强的吸引性、成膜性,生物活性特征,且安全无毒,因而在医药、食品、环保等许多领域得到广泛的应用,被称为 21 世纪最有前景的新材料之一。
本文在国内外相关低表面能防污涂料研究的基础上,通过系列试验研究,确定了防污涂料的主要组成体系。将甲壳素/壳聚糖作为功能填料,分别加入有机硅改性环氧树脂、有机硅树脂及***碳树脂三种基料中,利用正交分析试验方法制备低表面能防污涂料,对涂覆涂料试样进行接触角、附着力、耐冲击性、耐水性、耐盐水性以及防污性等性能测试。根据测试结果, 确定了三种涂料配方并对涂料进行了性能表征。接触角试验结果分别为: °、°和 °;附着力测试结果配方 1 与配方 3 为 1 级,配方 2 为 2 级;三种配方在蒸馏水、盐水以及海水中浸泡 60d,涂膜表面均未出现失光、变色、起泡、起皱、脱落等现象,表面没有污损物出现。
本文研究低表面能防污涂料采用传统涂料制备工艺,具有接触角大、附着力强、耐冲击性大、耐盐水性强、防污性好的特点,对舰船防腐防污将起到很重要的作用。
关键词: 防污涂料;低表面能;甲壳素/壳聚糖;性能表征
Abstract
The ships navigating in the sea would be fouled by many types of marine life severely. Ship fouling life will increase the resistance, resistance navigation, and fuel consumption. They will affect the operational performance of ships. The measurement of the traditional anti-fouling coatings is to release toxic ions. It plays a role in anti-fouling, but pollutes the marine environmental severely. So, the non-toxic environment-friendly coatings have e the hot spot of science studies. Low-surface anti-fouling coatings are use of the material properties, so that fouling is not strong attachment to the anti-fouling.
Chitin/chitosan, with properties of antibacterial, self-healing and anti- cracking, is a kind of haride biopolymer which is biological synthesized in the body of anisms. Because of performanc