Fossilization.ppt

Fossilization
Liu Lina
Fossilization
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The ultimate goal of SLA research is to understand what is acquired and
what is not acquired and
the mechanisms that bring second language knowledge about.
(Gass, 1988:198; emphasis added)
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1. Background
2. Definitions
3. Conceptual issues
4. Some concluding thoughts
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Background
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One of the most enduring and fascinating problems confronting researchers of second language acquisition (SLA) is
whether adults can ever acquire native-petence in a second language (L2),
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One of the most enduring and fascinating problems confronting researchers of second language acquisition (SLA) is
whether this is an plishment reserved for children who start learning at a relatively early age
(Kellerman, 1995: 219)
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≥ the age of around 7-10 years
SLA ≠ L1
slow
laborious
fast
easy
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Definitions
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This "stopping short" has been referred to as fossilization (Selinker, 1972) or pleteness (Schachter, 1990). It is one of the noticeable characteristics of second language acquisition.
(Towell & Hawkins, 1994:2)
This "stopping short" has been referred to as fossilization (Selinker, 1972) or pleteness (Schachter, 1990). It is one of the noticeable characteristics of second language acquisition.
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Selinker
… a permanent cessation of IL learning before the learner has attained TL norms at all levels of linguistic structure and in all discourse domains in spite of the learner’s positive ability, opportunity, and motivation to learn and acculturate into target society. (Selinker & Lamendella, 1978: 187)
(1978)
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