高中英语语法的一般总结讲义.doc

高中英语语法的一般总结讲义
根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建议,他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基础,其实完形填空是对语法、词汇的综合考查,但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和理解,有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式,这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解,而且有助于学生做好英译汉,写好作文。因此,我们在此编写了有关重点语法的知识点,并将陆续登出,同时将刊登一些试题。希望同学们认真掌握,切不可因不靠它们而忽视了对英语基础知识的掌握。
(一)情态动词

    情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能:表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;
ougtht等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
。
1)must have+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“(昨天)一定……”。如:
My pain           apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be       [B] had been     [C] must have been     [D] had to be
(答案为C)
2)can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没……”。如:
Mary         my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received     [B] ought to have received
[C] has received     [D] shouldn’t have received
(答案为A)
3)may / might have +过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许……”。如:
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
。
1) needn’t have + 过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,相当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要……”。如:
You needn’t e over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party, we         so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up         [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up     [D] needn’t have dressed up
(没有必要穿的那么正式,体现是说话者的建议,实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定,答案为D)
2)should have +过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了,译为“本不应该……”。如:
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好,但实际上作者还是没有规划好,以至工作没有完成。
3) ought to have +过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为“该……”,与should 的完成式含义类似。如:
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/