͆ƣˊ1̓ƚܙ̇ۘऺϣƚĹChapterTwoApproachesandPreviousResearchesMainApproachestotheStudyofLanguageAttitudesAttitudesarenotonlyoneofthemostdistinctiveandindispensableconceptsinsocialpsychology,;itis",directlyorindirectly,throughsuchobviousprocessesasstereotypes,beliefs,verbalstatementsorreactions,ideasandopinions,selectiverecall,angerorsatisfactionorsomeotheremotionandinvariousotheraspectsofbehavior."(Oppenheim,1982:39)Hence,attitudescannotbedirectlyobserved,butcanbeinferredandidentifiedfromobservedbehaviorsandinsomesensemeasuredbythe"obviousprocesses".Approachestoresearchinglanguageattitudesareusuallygroupedunderthreebroadheadings:theanalysisofthesocietaltreatmentoflanguagevarieties(relabeled"contentanalysis");directmeasures;,"treatment"giventolanguagesandlanguagevarieties,-policydocumentsandtheirviewontheuseofvariouslanguagesinschools;theuseofdialectbyvariouscharactersinnovels;ܙ̇ۘऺϣƚĹstudiesemployingthisapproach,thesocietaltreatmentcanserveasapreliminaryformorerigoroussociolinguisticandsocialpsychologicalstudies,
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