英语词汇学之构词法.ppt

大学英语语法之构词讲解人杨姗姗目录构词法概述构词法细则构词法例词构词法(word-formation)3派生法(derivation)一、概念由词缀和词根结合构成单词。二、、(一般只改变词义,不改变词性)(一般只改变词性,不改变词义)4常见前缀1—-asleep,aboard,aside…-befriend,bewitch,behead…-embark,embed,empower…-endanger,encourage…-enrich,enlarge,endear…-outsmart,outnumber…5智胜比…多常见前缀2—构成反义构成方式例词un-unable,uncertain,unhappy,unluckily,undoil-illegal,illogical,illiterate…im-impolite,impossible,impatient…in-informal,independent,injustice…ir-irregular,irresponsible,irresistible…dis-disadvantage,disorder,dislike…缺点杂乱不喜欢常见前缀3—特定意思构成方式例词anti-(反)antiwar,anticancer,antipollution…auto-(自动)automobile,autotimer,auto-record…bi-(双)bicycle,binoculars…co-(共同)co-operate,co-edit,co-exit…down(向下)downstairs,downhill,downwards…ex-(以前的)ex-wife,ex-lover,ex-husband…fore-(前部的)forehead,foreleg,forearm…full-(完全)full-time,full-speed,full-strength…7常见后缀1—名词后缀后缀例词-anAsian,American,Russian,African…-anceattendance,performance,assistance…-ationeducation,examination,pronunciation…-domfreedom,kingdom,wisdom,boredom…-encedifference,preference,existence…-erdiver,writer,dancer,reporter…-eseChinese,Japanese,Portuguese…-essactress,princess,goddess,hostess…-hoodchildhood,neighborhood,motherhood…-ianmagician,musician,historian…8常见后缀1—名词后缀后缀例词-ionaction,decision,collection,creation…-istpianist,violinist,munist…-ityequality,majority…-mentdevelopment,movement,arrangement…-nesshappiness,sadness,weakness…-oractor,sailor,visitor,director…-shipfriendship,leadership,ownership…-urepleasure,failure,pressure…9常见后缀2—形容词后缀后缀例词-ablevaluable,fortable,loveable…-alnational,original,cultural,logical…-anAmerican,African,Korean,Canadian…-antimportant,pleasant,ignorant,tolerant…-edexcited,interested,worried,bored…-enwoolen,golden,wooden,earthen…-entdifferent,dependent,existent,consistent…-icrealistic,poetic,historic,economic…