琥珀酸酯磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂合成及性能的研究.pdf

摘要 IIlU Y2233593 本文以马来酸酐、乙二醇及十二醇、十四醇、十六醇、十八醇为原料,活性炭负载磷钨酸为催化剂,、、,利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,、Gemini-16和Gemini-18为未见文献报道的新化合物。将活性炭负载的杂多酸绿色环保型催化剂用于双酯合成反应,分别选择磷钨酸、硅钨酸、磷钼酸三种杂多酸作催化剂,通过正交实验筛选出最佳催化剂为磷钨酸,并用于 、、。,采用正交实验法确定单酯化、双酯化及磺化反应的最佳条件,在此条件下,4种Gemini表面活性剂合成反应的酯化率均超过85%,磺化率达到 90%以上。对所合成的4种Gemini表面活性剂的表面张力、Kram温度、乳化性能、泡沫性能进行了测试。结果显示,4种Gemini表面活性剂都具有较低的临界胶束浓度(cmc),,其托m。 mN/m;与此同时4种表面活性剂具有较低的Krafft温度,体现出较好的乳化性和泡沫性,可在不同领域得到广泛的应用。,说明烷基链的长度对表面活性剂的性能存在着一定的影响。以辽河油田三采稠油作为研究对象,,结果显示单一组分在降低油/水界面张力方面效果并不十分明显。依据表面活性剂复配原则,通过正交实验对合成的4种Gemini表面活性剂与SDBS的复配体系进行筛选,结果表明, 其与SDBS具有良好的协同效应,复配体系能够有效降低油/水界面张力,最低界面张力甚至达到10。5mN/m数量级。将上述最佳复配方案体系用于初步的油砂分离实验,、、 ,%, %,%,达到国家关于废矿物油回收利用污染控制技术规范的标准。关键词:磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂,杂多酸催化,表面活性,界面张力,复配 Abstract Inthispaper, 2,,Gemini-1 6andGemini-1 8were synthesized using 1-dodecanol,1-tetradecanol,,1-octadecanol,maleic anhydride and ethylene glycol asstarting structure pounds were identifiedby IRand 1HNMR,and , are pounds. Activated carbon supported heteropoly acid was used as the green catalyst for reaction which includes phospho·wolframic acid,phosphato-molybdic paring theeffectofcatalysis onthesynthesis ofGemini-1 phospho-wolframic acidwastheoptimal catalytic,furthermore itwas used inthesynthesis of Gemini一14,Gemini-1 6andGemini-1 8,and thecatalytic effectwere alsosignificant. The bestconditions ofsingle esterification,double-esterification and sulfonation were obtained by theorthogonal experiment withthesynthesis ofGemini一12,whereafter they were usedforthesyntheses ofGemini一1 4,Gemini-1 6and Gemini-1 8,the esterification ratewere more than85%and sulfonatedrate weremore than90%. The surface tension,Krafft temperature,foaming ability