英语语法之主动语态和被动语态.doc

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英语语法之主动语态和被动语态 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结:
一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词 do为例)
结构：主语 + be +过去分词
时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.
3. 一般过去时
4. 一般将来时
5. 现在进行时
6. 现在完成时
2•带情态动词的被动语态： must (ca n, may, should, n eed, would) be done
was (were) done will (shall) be done am (is, are) being done have (has) bee n done
、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。
1. 主语 +连系动词 +表语(S+V+P) 此结构不可用被动语态。
(正)The flowers smell sweet.
(误)The flowers are smelt sweet.
2 .主语+不及物动词(S+V) 此结构不可变被动语态。
(正)An accide nt happe ned last ni ght.
(误)An accide nt was happe ned last ni ght.
3 .主语 +及物动词 +宾语(S + V+ O)
(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
Childre n ofte n sing this song
This song is ofte n sung by childre n.
(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。
We should liste n to the teachers carefully.
The teachers should be liste ned to carefully.
4 .主语+及物动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语(S + V+ 10+ DO)
(1) .将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。
He showed us a picture .
We were show n a picture.
(2) .将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词 to或for.
常用力口 to 的动词 give, show, pass, read 等
常用力口 for 的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等
A picture was show n to us.
A dict ionary was bought for me by my pare nts.
5. 主语+及物动词 +宾语+宾语补足语 (S+ V+ 0 + C)
如动词为 make, see, hear, watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带"to ”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上" to
I saw him fall off the tree.
He was see n to fall off the tree.
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