扑救森林火灾紧急避险的研究.pdf

中南大学硕士学位论文扑救森林火灾紧急避险研究姓名:梁占华申请学位级别:硕士专业:公共管理(MPA) 指导教师:李建华;彭松华 201011 摘要近年来,世界森林火灾频发,森林资源和人民群众生命财产损失触目惊心,森林火灾扑救过程中应急处置,特别是火场紧急避险问题引起了世界各国的普遍重视。随着全球气候变暖和人类活动的增加, 专家预测,在未来数年内,我国森林火灾发生的次数将逐渐增多,火灾等级会逐渐增强,扑救难度将进一步增大,灭火队员的安全和保护森林资源的矛盾会日益突出。研究扑救森林火灾紧急避险措施,一方面可以丰富和深化森林火灾扑救理论,将森林火灾避险管理和落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会很好地融合在一起,探讨和提升公共危机管理的能力和模式;另一方面有助于提高政府在应对森林火灾危机中的快速反应、科学决策,安全、高效地组织指挥扑火战斗的能力,更加有效地保护人民群众生命财产安全。本文运用危机管理、行为安全管理和生态系统管理等理论,采取文献研究、系统研究、调查研究、模拟演练、案例分析等方法,在全面分析国内外森林火灾特点、森林火灾扑救现场灭火队员紧急避险现状的基础上,研究了我国森林火灾形成火场高危险环境的主要因素及特征,分析了在扑救森林火灾过程中险情发生的过程、表现及原因; 提出了扑救森林火灾紧急避险应坚持的基本原则和通常应采取的安全避险方法。关键词:森林火灾,伤亡,紧急避险,对策 ABSTRACT In recent years,with thefrequent forestfires across theworld,forest resources and livesandproperty ofpeople sufferfrom startling losses. Emergency disposal inforest fireattack,in particular emergency avoidance isbrought totheforefrontby each and every globalwarming and growth ofhuman activity,it isestimated by experts thatin the next few years,occurrence of forestfireinChina willraise, classofforestfirewillincrease,fighting e more difficult andthecontradiction between safety offiremen andprotection offorest resources will e increasingly one hand, conducting research on emergency avoidance measures infireattackwill enrich and deepen forest firefighting theory,integrate forest fire avoidance management plementing oncept of Development and constructing aharmonious society,as well asexplore model ofpublic crisismanagement andenhance capacity inthisrespect. On theotherhand,researches willconduce topromote quick response and scientificdecision ofgovernment bating anize anddirectfireattacksafely andefficiently,and ensure safety ofpeople’S livesandproperty. Employing such theories ofCrisisManagement,Behavior Safety Management andEcosystem Management,applying methods ofreference research,systematic research,investigation,fire drillsimulation,and case analysis,based on prehensive analysis offeaturesofforestfire at home andabroad aswell asemergency avoidance si