西班牙.doc

西班牙(西语: Reino de España )是一个位于欧洲西南部的国家,西邻同处于伊比利亚半岛的葡萄牙, 北濒比斯开湾, 东北部与法国及安道尔接壤, 南隔直布罗陀海峡与非洲的摩洛哥相望。它的领土还包括地中海中的巴利阿里群岛, 大西洋的加那利群岛, 以及在非洲的休达和梅利利亚。海岸线长约 7800 公里。境内多山,为欧洲高山国家之一。在近代史上,西班牙是一个重要的文化发源地,并于 16 世纪时成为影响世界的全球性帝国。西班牙在当今世界属于中等发达的工业国, 拥有较完善的市场经济, 其国民生产总值位居欧洲国家前列,但人均水平在欧盟不算高。中文名称: 西班牙王国英文名称: The Kingdom of Spain 简称: 西班牙所属洲: 欧洲首都: 马德里主要城市: 瓦伦西亚, 巴塞罗那, 塞维利亚国庆日: 10 月 12 国歌: 《皇家进行曲》国家代码: ESP 官方语言: 西班牙语货币: 欧元时区: UTC+1 政治体制: 议会制君主立宪制国家领袖: 国王胡安· 卡洛斯一世,首相马里亚诺· 拉霍伊人口数量: 46,030,109 人(2010 年) 人口密度: 90/km2 ( 2009 年) 主要民族: 西班牙人主要宗教: 天主教国土面积: 505,925 平方公里水域率: % GDP 总计: 14,130 亿美元(2011 年) 人均 GDP : 30,622 美元(2011 年) 国际电话区号: +34 国际域名缩写: .es 道路通行: 靠右驾驶国花: 香石竹国家格言: “超越极致”( Plus ultra ) Spain ( i/?spe?n/ SPAYN ; Spanish : Espa ?a, pronounced: [es ? pa ? a]( listen )), officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de Espa ?a ), [note 7] [5] isa country and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar ; to the north by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal . Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa , Ceuta and Melilla , that border o . Furthermore, the town of Llí via isa Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia , Ukraine and France. ? Because of its location, the territory of Spain was subject to many external influences since prehistoric times and through to its dawn asa country. Spain emerged asa unified country in the 15th century, following the marriage of the Cath