Fortran 90 - A Conversion Course.pdf

Fortran 90
A Conversion Course
for Fortran 77 Programmers
Student Notes
S Ramsden, F Lin
Manchester and North HPC T&EC
M A Pettipher, G S Noland, J M Brooke
puting Centre, University of Manchester
Edition July 1995
Acknowledgements
These student notes were developed using the puting Centre Fortran
90 course, which piled by J M Brooke, G S Noland, and M A Pettipher as a
basis.
ments were also provided by the following: T L Freeman, J Gajjar and A J
Grant (The University of Manchester), and A Marshall and J S Morgan (The Univer-
sity of Liverpool).
Michael Hennecke, University of Kahlsruhe, Germany, -
ments which were incorporated in edition of the materials.
Manchester and North HPC T&EC i
Fortran 90
ii Fortran 90 Student Notes
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1 History
1 Objectives
1 Language Evolution
2 New Features
anisation
3 Coding Convention
5 Sources, Types and Control Structures
5 Source Form
6 Program and Subprogram Names
6 Specifications
7 Strong Typing
7 The Concept of KIND
10 Derived Types
13 Control Statements
17 Exercises
19 Procedures and Modules
19 Program Units
20 Procedures
28 Modules
31 Overloading
35 Scope
36 Program Structure
39 Exercises
41 Array Processing
41 Terminology and Specifications
43 Whole Array Operations
45 Elemental Intrinsic Procedures
45 WHERE Statement
46 Array Sections
48 Array Assignment
48 Recursion
48 Element Location Versus Subscript
49 Zero Sized Arrays
Manchester and North HPC T&EC iii
Fortran 77 to Fortran 90
49 Array Constructors
50 Allocatable Arrays
52 Automatic Arrays
54 Assumed Shape Arrays
56 Array Intrinsics
58 Array Example
60 Exercises
63 Pointer Variables
63 What is a Pointer
63 Specifications
64 Pointer Assignments
66 Pointer Association Status
67 Dynamic Storage
68 Pointer Arguments
69 Pointer Functions
69 Arrays of Pointers
70 Linked List
73 Exercises
75 Input/Output
75 Non-ad