船舶油污.doc

薁第八章船舶污染损害赔偿莇第一节绪论莈一、船舶污染海洋环境数据节1. ,,spillsaregenerallycategorisedbysize,<7tonnes,7-700tonnesand>,000incidents,thevastmajorityofwhich(82%).<,informationfrompublishedsourcesgenerallyrelatestolargespills,oftenresultingfromcollisions,groundings,structuraldamage,firesandexplosions,,(>700tonnes)hasdecreasedsignificantlyduringthelast40years,suchthattheaveragenumberofmajorspillsforthedecade(2000-2009)isaboutthree. Mostnotably,forthefirsttimesinceITOPFbegancollatingtankerspillstatistics,thenumberofmajoroilspillsinvolvingtankersreachedzeroin2009. 莅Theaverageforthe2000sislessthanhalfoftheaverageforthe1990sandjustaneighthoftheaverageforthe1970s. Thesameistrueformediumsizedspillsfromtankers(7-700tonnes)urringinthelastdecadewas14,,itisnotablethatthenumberoflargespillsinthe1970sismorethanahalfofallthespillsrecordedinthe40yearsbetween1970and2009. Furthermore,%:Numberofspillsover7tonnes羇螄蒂荿1970肅7芄29芃1971蒀18蒇14蚃1972羃48芇27薆1973肃28葿32艿1974蚄89薂28膀1975莀96肇23芅1976羀67***27膅1977蚅68蚁17腿1978薇59肄21蒁1979芀60蚆35蒃1980膁52肈13肈1981羃54羂7聿1982膆45莂4蚂1983膀52芅13肆1984莃26羈8莅膂袀羁蚇1990薂50薁14螈1991袅30芅7莁1992衿31膈10螅1993肂31蚇11芆1994膄26袂9蚈1995蒅20薃3薂1996螀20螇3羃1997莃28薇10袅1998蒂26肃6蚈1999芈20膅6蕿2000蚀20莆4薅2001芀17蒇3蒄2002羄13肀3薈2003袇15莄4螁2004薀16羅5蚇1985蒅31膃8聿1986螆28袄7虿1987肁27肈10莄1988莀11袈10芆1989螃