新闻稿与倒金字塔结构.doc

新闻稿与倒金字塔结构

长期以来,英文报刊广泛使用新闻导语法,形成独特的新闻结构。这种结构可以说是基本的新闻结构;也就是所谓的“倒金字塔”,它包括三个方面:  
。
把最重要、最精彩、最吸引人的部分放在最前面,次重要的放在稍后面,更次要的放在更后,最不重要的放在最后。在新闻稿的最后段落里,西方记者通常交代与新闻事实有关的背景知识,以及对事态的展望。这样,读者在报道的前一两段就可以了解事件的主要内容,如果有兴趣可以再继续阅读以后段落,了解更多的细节。
,通常是第一段,形成导语。
把最重要、最精彩、最吸引人的东西放在导语中,或者把全篇新闻内容高度概括成一个中心思想说出来。
,形成标题。
 以下是一条新华社播发的英文电讯稿。从结构上而言,它是一篇典型的“倒金字塔”消息,记者围绕游客被大雪困阻这一事件,严格按照新闻事实重要性递减的顺序来展开全文各个段落:
Snow Traps Tourists on Tibet Road
 Lhasa (Xinhua)---More than 100 motor vehicles and 300 passengers including some foreign tourists were trapped when highways in southwest Tibet became flooded following three days of snowfall.
Four people were reported to have frozen to death and two suffered from frostbite in Tingri County on the Zhan-Xigaze highway. No foreigners were listed among casualties.
The highway, one of the busiest in the region, was expected to be re-opened to traffic on Tuesday evening.
Stranded passengers were rescued by local people and troops who cleared the highway and repaired breaks.
The snow-fall between October 19 and 21 was unusually early, the regional weather office said.
A weather station at Tingri County recorded l15 millimeters of rainfall in 24 hours while 40 centimeters of snow fell between Tingri County and Nyalam County.
这篇报道的导语包揽了所有的新闻要素:
Who more than 1oo vehicles and 300 passengers
What cars and people