名词和名词词组.doc

第三讲名词和名词词组一,名词的分类 classification of nouns Nouns can be classified according to word formation, lexical meaning and grammatical form. 1. Simple , compound and derivative nouns 2. Proper mon nouns and non-count nouns 个体名词 boy house tiger 集体名词 family team 可数名词普通名词物质名词 air rice 抽象名词不可数名词专有名词二,名词的数 number forms of nouns Number isa grammatical category that indicates the change in the form of nouns and verbs, depending on whether one or more than one is talked about. ㈠规则的复数形式构成法:一个名词如果表示一个或一样东西,它取单数形式,如 pen , dog , church 。如果表示两个或两个以上的这类东西, 则需要名词的复数形式。构成复数, 大多数是在单数形式后加-s或-es ,有下面几种情况: 1 ,在单数形式后直接加-s girl girls hat hats 2 ,如单数名词以 s,x, sh, ch或z 结尾,需在后面加-es kiss kisses tax taxes brush brushes watch watches 3 ,以 y 结尾的词,变 y为I ,再加-es lady ladies story stories 如果 y 前面还有一个元音字母,则直接加-s day days monkey monkeys 4 ,以 o 接尾的词,多数加-s demo demos inferno infernos 阴间,地狱 kilo kilos tempo tempos cello cellos memo memos banjo banjos 班卓琴 octavo octavos 八开本 piano pianos canto cantos 篇,章 dynamo dynamos 发电机 o os solo solos photo photos cameo cameos 浮雕贝壳或宝石 ratio ratios 以“元音字母+o ”结尾的词,一概加-s curios rodeos bamboos tattoos 但有少数以 o 结尾的词后要加-es echo, echoes embargo, embargoes jingo, jingoes 沙文主义者 torpedo, torpedoes veto, vetoes hero, heroes Negro , Negroes potato, potatoes mosquito, mosquitoes go, goes no, noes 其他以 o 结尾的此,一般既可加-s ,也可加-es zero, zeros, zeroes halo, halos, haloes 日月周围的光晕 mango, mangos, mangoes motto, tornado, volcano, cargo, buffalo, commando 突击队 5 ,以 f或 fe 结尾的此,多数直接加-s chief, chiefs reef, reefs 暗礁 cliff, cliffs cuff, cuffs 袖口 roof, roofs fife, fifes 横笛 belief, beliefs safe, safes gulf, gulfs strife, stifes 但有几个名词,需变 f为v ,再加-es elf, elves leaf, leaves calf, calves thief, thieves shelf, shelves loaf, loaves half, halves life, lives self, selves wife, wives wolf, wolves knife, knives 有个别名词,可加-s或-es hoof, hoofs, hooves 蹄 wharf, wharfs, wharves 码头 scarf, scarfs, scarves dwarf, dwarfs, dwarves beef, beefs, beeves staff, staffs, staves (二) 不规则的复数形式有些名词有不规则的复数形式 1 ,把单数形式稍加变化,成为复数形式: man, me