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医学院校硕士研究生英语 读与写(第二版)
English for Master Students in Medical Universities
Unit Two
Text A
Why should Human Beings Be Moral?
Outline
Background information
Global analysis of the text
Text structure analysis
Detailed study of the text
Reference answers to the exercises
Background information
Introduction to the topic
Morality, in the strictest sense of the word, deals with that which is innately regarded as right or wrong. The term is often used to refer to a system of principles and judgments shared by cultures, religions and philosophies by which humans subjectively determine whether given actions are right or wrong. These concepts and beliefs are often generalized and codified by a culture or group and thus serve to regulate the behavior of its members.
Conformity to such codification may also be called morality and the group may depend on widespread conformity to such codes for its continued existence. Individuals who choose to conform in this way are popularly held to possess “Moral Fibre,” whereas those who lack "Moral Fibre" may be labeled as socially degenerate. A "moral" may refer to a particular principle, usually as an informal and general summary with respect to a moral principle, as it is applied in a given human situation.
The systematic study of morality is a branch of philosophy called ethics. Ethics seeks to address questions such as how one ought to behave in a specific situation (applied ethics), how one can justify a moral position (normative ethics) and whether we can justify ethics or morality itself (meta-ethics).·
5
Global analysis of the text
The author analyzes the reasons why human beings should be moral from the following aspects:
1) enlightened self-interest
2) arguments from tradition and law
3) common human needs
4) significance and relevance of ethics
Text structure analysis
The text falls into three parts:
Part I (Paragraphs 1-3)
Apart from the supernatural or religious basis for morality, there must be some
English for Master Students in Medical Universities
Unit Two
Text A
Why should Human Beings Be Moral?
Outline
Background information
Global analysis of the text
Text structure analysis
Detailed study of the text
Reference answers to the exercises
Background information
Introduction to the topic
Morality, in the strictest sense of the word, deals with that which is innately regarded as right or wrong. The term is often used to refer to a system of principles and judgments shared by cultures, religions and philosophies by which humans subjectively determine whether given actions are right or wrong. These concepts and beliefs are often generalized and codified by a culture or group and thus serve to regulate the behavior of its members.
Conformity to such codification may also be called morality and the group may depend on widespread conformity to such codes for its continued existence. Individuals who choose to conform in this way are popularly held to possess “Moral Fibre,” whereas those who lack "Moral Fibre" may be labeled as socially degenerate. A "moral" may refer to a particular principle, usually as an informal and general summary with respect to a moral principle, as it is applied in a given human situation.
The systematic study of morality is a branch of philosophy called ethics. Ethics seeks to address questions such as how one ought to behave in a specific situation (applied ethics), how one can justify a moral position (normative ethics) and whether we can justify ethics or morality itself (meta-ethics).·
5
Global analysis of the text
The author analyzes the reasons why human beings should be moral from the following aspects:
1) enlightened self-interest
2) arguments from tradition and law
3) common human needs
4) significance and relevance of ethics
Text structure analysis
The text falls into three parts:
Part I (Paragraphs 1-3)
Apart from the supernatural or religious basis for morality, there must be some
医学院校硕士研究生英语读与写（第二版）unit 2 来自淘豆网www.taodocs.com转载请标明出处.